الفهرس 
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Abstract
This Thesis presents a study of ground movement adjacent to deep
excavation. Underground construction has become a common practice
worldwide due excessive excavation, induced movements are a major
concern for most underground construction projects in urban areas
because these can cause damage or possible collapse in adjacent
structures. Consequently, accurate prediction of surface ground
movement is an important design criterion in the analysis and design of
excavation support systems. All of codes of practice are based on the
design criteria is to satisfy factor of safety to prevent the collapse of the
system and around soil. It implies that the surface ground movement is a
secondary concern and the safety of the adjacent structure from the
deferential settlement induced be excavation especially, large number of
buildings and utilities is sensitive to small movements induced by
excavation may lead to cracks and damages on adjacent buildings. So,
this thesis was prepared to study the ground movement adjacent to deep
excavation. The study was carried out using field measurements and
finite element analysis. Since majority of the empirical design diagrams
are mainly based on field measurements and mathematical equations, the
main aim of this study is to suggest an empirical design chart to deal with
different soil types with variable wall rigidity and variable support
spacing to predict shape of surface ground movement.