الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: The development of novel antiviral agents is essential due to the high prevalence of viral infections like the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China and spreading all over the world having no specific treatment as well as the constant appearance of resistant viral strains. In addition, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are the only three major existing modes for cancer treatment in modern medicine. As these known methods are very costly and have side effects with limitations of their use, there is a need of effective and acceptable cancer therapeutic agents that should be nontoxic, highly effective against multiple cancers, cost limited and acceptable by human population. Method: The antiviral and antitumor activities of methanolic extracts from various collected plants viz; Cyperus rotundus L. (rhizomes and aerial part), C. helferi Boeckeler, C. alopecuroides Rottb., Francoeuria crispa (Forssk.) Cass. (Syn. Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A.Mey.), Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Delile, Lotus creticus L., Fagonia mollis Delile and the essential oil of C. rotundus L. rhizome were evaluated using the MTT method. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extracts was carried out followed by isolation of the active compounds. The antiviral activity was tested against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Coxsackie virus (Cox. B4) and Hepatitis A virus (HAV). The antitumor evaluation was carried out on human hepatic cell carcinoma (HepG2), breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and prostate carcinoma (PC3). The choice of the plants of the study was based on the results of preliminary screening of the antiviral and antitumor activities of different extracts of the mentioned plants. The study was conducted on Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del., Lotus creticus L. whose methanolic extracts showed high antiviral activity against the previous mentioned viruses and Cyperus rotundus L. rhizome whose methanolic extract showed cytotoxic activity on different cancer cell lines. Results: The study introduced 5,3`-dihydroxy-3,6,7,4`,5`-pentamethoxyflavone and epiteuclatriol as valuable lead compounds possessing in vitro antiviral activities against HAV and HSV-1. Similarly, teuclatriol and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside showed promising activity and can be considered as candidates for the development of new anti-HSV-1 and anti-Cox. B4 drugs. On the other hand, behenic acid, β-sitosterol, mandassidione and epiteuclatriol as promising cytotoxic leads against HepG2, PC3 and MCF-7 cell lines. Also compounds 2’- [2-hydroxy pentacosanoyl amino]-1’,3’,4’-nonadecanetriol, pinellic acid and teuclatriol showed promising cytotoxic activity against cancer cells HepG2 and PC3. Besides, compounds behenic acid monoglyceride, luteolin, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,3’,4’,5’-hexamethoxyflavone and 5, 3’-dihydroxy-3,6,7,4’,5’-pentamethoxyflavone showed significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell HepG2 as compared with Doxorubicin. : The identification of lead cytotoxic and antiviral agents from natural origin is significant and had resulted in the discovery of natural antitumor and antiviral agents.