الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cancer is a group of more than \00 different diseases. It can develop almost anywhere in the body. Cells are the basic units that make up the human body cells grow and divide to make new cells as the body needs them. Usually, cells die when they get too old or damaged. Then, new cells take their place. Cancer begins when genetic changes interfere with this orderly process (Libutti et al., 2015). Cells start to grow uncontrollably. These cells may form a mass called a tumor. A tumor can be cancerous or benign. A cancerous tumor is malignant, meaning it can grow and spread to other parts of the body.
The colon is a major part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its functions include re-uptake of fluids and electrolytes as well as storage and elimination pf rest products of food. The waste then moves through the rectum and exits the body through the anus. The colon is embryological derived from the midgut and the hindgut. Colon cancer and rectal cancer may occur together. This is called colorectal cancer. Rectal cancer originates in the rectum, which is the last several inches of the large intestine, closest to the anus. Colorectal cancer is also the third most common cause of cancer-related death, and in 2017, 95,520 new diagnoses are expected to occur and it is the third most common type about of cancer in the United States (American Cancer Society, 2017). Colorectal cancer can start in cells that make mucus to lubricate the inside of the colon and rectum (Van Schaeybroeck et al., 2014).
Colitis refers to inflammation of the inner lining of the colon. There are numerous causes of colitis including infection, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are two types of IBD), ischemic colitis, allergic reactions, and microscopic colitis (Seeley et al., 2013). Colitis affects the distal colon portion and induces non-transmural inflammation, massive necrosis of mucosal and sub-mucosal layers, neutrophil infiltration of the mucosa and sub-mucosal ulceration (Randhawa et al., 2014). These diseases are defined clinically through inflammatory disorder in gastrointestinal tract accompanied with diarrhea, abdominal pains, weight loss, nausea and pathological changes such as a loss of mucosal integrity and inflammatory cell infiltration (Xavier et al., 2007).
Induction of colitis might be as a result of the exposure to different inflammatory agents and due to production of free radicals (Hanauer, 2006). Additionally, free radicals reduce antioxidant agents and thus increase the severity of the disease (Radko and Cybulski, 2007). Due to the activation of white blood cells contents (WBCs) and free radical production in the intestinal mucosal tissues, lipid peroxidation is elevated and may causes an inflammation (Bhattacharyya et al., 2014), resulting in increasing the permeability of blood vessels increased, the entrance of neutrophils to the site of inflammation and finally caused an expansion of the inflammatory area in the intestinal mucosal tissue (Cekici et al., 2014). The presence of WBCs at the intestinal mucosal tissue is characteristic feature of colitis disease