الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 144 |  |  |
| | | from | 144 | | |
Abstract
The surface of the tibia consists of three bony structures: the inner (medial) surface, the outer (lateral) surface, and the protrusion separating them. The outer surface is smaller and convex, while the inner surface is larger and slightly concave, and both surfaces are covered by articular cartilage that absorbs shock and improves congruence between the two bones of the knee joint. 40% of the knee load and the inner surface carries 60%. Surface fractures of the tibia represent 1.2% of all fractures and may reach 8% in the elderly. These fractures occur as a result of a force acting on the knee from the inner or outer side, or as a result of axial pressure on the knee. Fractures of the surface of the tibia are divided into fractures that are subdivided only and into fractures that are only lower and lower fractures that are both subdivided. Split fractures are only common in younger patients, as their bones are hard. As for low fractures, they are common in older patients as their bones are fragile and not resistant to compressive forces, so they occur as a result of low-energy trauma. Undoubtedly, the surgical goal of these fractures is to obtain a good response to the fracture and a stable internal fixation with minimal complications and risks. Therefore, the surgical approach should not create any further damage especially to the local blood supply feeding the bone, but rather it should facilitate good vision and adequate gestures in order to reposition the fracture fragments in their proper place, and for the repair of the adjacent soft tissues that have been damaged by the injury.