الفهرس 
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Abstract
Circulating microRNAs(MIRNAS) may represent a potential noninvasive molecular biomarker for several pathological conditions. MiRNAs plays essential roles in different cellular processes ,inflammation, and angiogenesis. In particular, miR-125b is one of the pivotal multifunctional miRNA that regulates the endothelial inflammatory response in addition to migration mediated by angiotensin α(miR-125b has been proved to be implicated in vascular dysfunction as well as inflammation.( Zhu ,etal.,2008).
MiR-125b is highly enriched in ECs along with endothelial apoptotic bodies and governs the maintenance of vascular integrity and angiogenesis (Fish et al 2008) .
Specific MIRNA expression profiles were determined in diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease ,and kidney allograft rejection. Few specific miRNAs have been proved to be involved in the functional regulation of ECs along with inflammatory responses and peripheral angiogenic signaling (Lopez etal.,2010).
MIRNAs were previously documented to serve as intracellular RNAs that regulate gene expression. But, increasing evidence supposed that MIRNAs can be determined in the circulation in remarkably stable form that resist repeated freezing/thawing cycles (Gomez etal.,2010).
Recent studies have revealed that MIRNAs that were previously detected in specific cell may be found in the circulation as well. Studies have shown that circulating levels of total& specific MIRNAs were decreased in patients with severe chronic renal failure, with critical implications for the use of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers in patients suffering from renal impairment as well as for uremia pathogenesis( lee etal,.2011).
In the present study that included forty ESRD patients of ≥18 years of age who received maintenance hemodialysis 3 times/ week , thirty healthy adults without any evidence of CKD or inflammatory disorders were included in the control group ,we measured MiR-125b through PCR technique in blood . Also, Duplex on arterio-venous fistula (AV) ,and Carotid artery to measure the intimal medial thickness was carried out.