الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Surface waves play a significant role in ocean processes (beach erosion and sediment transport), engineering (coastal structures, ship design and routing) and societal activities. However, despite their importance, ocean waves have been notoriously difficult to measure, typically requiring specialized instrumentation costing tens of thousands of dollars. This has tended to discourage investigators from measuring waves, even in the coastal ocean where they are particularly important. Instead, hydro-dynamical wave models and the remote sensing techniques can be used to study the wave characteristics and their impacts in the near-shore zones. Since the end of the twentieth century, the cities along the Egyptian Red Sea coasts have examined a progressive growth in tourism, and its associated activities.