الفهرس 
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Abstract
n this thesis the ability of composites prepared from the dispersion of lead metal (micro size and nano size) with different weight (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100phr) as filler within natural rubber (NR) and with (0 and 100 phr) in blend of Waste/NR to attenuate gamma rays was investigated . Lead nano particles (Pb NPs) was successfully prepared using high energy ball mill with the help of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a process control agent to prevent lead aggregations with weight ratio Pb: PVC (1:1). The core shell phenomena due to the presence of PVC helped to prepare nano Pb. The prepared nano Pb was characterized using XRD and TEM techniques, the average size was ≈ 32 nm. Gamma ray shielding study was established using 3 NaI(Tl) detector and (152Eu, 133Ba, 137Cs, and 60Co) radioactive point sources as γ-ray emitter with different energies.