الفهرس 
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Abstract
7. SUMMARY
Congenital anomalies are common public health problem; they represent about 2-3% of all births and related to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of these conditions have shown great advances, allowing very early interventions, either in the form of pregnancy terminations, or intra-uterine therapy / transfer for early post-natal management. This results in improvement of the outcome of these conditions and even change of natural history of some anomalies.
The study was conducted on pregnant females presented to obstetrics and gynecology department in Beni suef university hospital during the study period (from January to December 2019) to detect the prevalence of fetal structural congenital malformations attendants of obstetrics and gynecology department in Beni suef university hospital.
A descriptive prevalence study of 20225 pregnant women attended to obstetrics and gynecology department of Beni suef university hospital during period (from January to December 2019). All patients subjected to: I-Full history taking, taking into consideration European surveillance of congenital anomalies EURO-CAT core data; these include: Maternal age, History of previous pregnancy (ies) with fetal malformations or aneuploidies, History of peri-conceptional folic acid intake. Other data will be included such as: consanguinity, residency (urban, rural or industrial), radiation exposure, drug intake (beyond FDA Class B) and potential teratogen exposure. II -Ultrasound scan: All women underwent Trans abdominal US and, when necessary, transvaginal US, which were performed with (Toshiba Xario 200 unit) as follows: ▪ Females presenting early in first trimester will be scheduled for routine first trimester scan in accordance with ISUOG (international society of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology) guidelines. ▪ Females presenting early in second trimester will be scheduled for a routine second trimester scan. ▪ Females presenting afterwards, will have a routine ultrasound scan for fetal malformations, limitations will be mentioned if any.
The main results showed that 183 cases were diagnosed as congenital anomalies in their fetuses from a total of 20225 pregnant women who attended to the different wards in the obstetrics and gynecology department in Beni suef university hospital (outpatient clinics and emergency room) during the study period making the calculated prevalence of congenital anomalies is 0.9%.The mean age of cases diagnosed was 29 years.
Cases of congenital anomalies were more common in urban areas. The results showed that 57 cases (31.1%) had positive consanguinity. But, no significant relation was found between consanguinity and congenital anomalies.
The present results illustrated that CNS anomalies were found in 63 cases (34.4%), renal anomalies were found in 45 cases (24.5%), and GIT anomalies were found in 37 cases (20.2%).
The presence of past history of anomalies was evident in 8.2% of total studied cases. It was most common for cases of skeletal (27.3%) and heart (16.7%) anomalies. Median gestational age for diagnosis was 24 weeks. History of drug intake was only verified in 1.6 % of cases. Peri-conceptional folic acid intake occurred in 60.2% of the study cases, 75% of cases with spinal anomalies had negative history of folic acid intake, with significant increased risk of cephalic and spinal anomalies in cases with deficient intake. The most common anomalies were those involving the nervous system representing 34.4% of all cases (63 cases), the second common was renal and genital system 45 cases (24.5%) followed by GIT and anterior abdominal wall 37 cases (20.2%), heart 12 cases (6.5%), and then chest 9 cases (4.9%).
This work would provide a base for future development of a national Egyptian registry that would involve all cases of congenital anomalies, in order to facilitate the research in this field.
Figure 13: Distribution of cases according to anatomical site of anomaly (ies) detected.