الفهرس 
Cardiac Devices In ChildrenOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A total of 25 patients (25%) of our studied population developed complications, early complications occurring in 8 patients with endocardial PPMs, including superficial infection in two patients developed after 2 weeks and it was relieved by antibiotics and two patients with endocardial PPM developed pocket hematoma for 2 weeks after implantation, two patients suffered of painful pocket after 2 weeks relieved by analgesics and one patient was diagnosed with insulation breaks occurring one month after endocardial pacemaker implantation, another patient had intra-operative trauma to apex of lung during subclavain vein puncture.
As far as late complications, ten patients were diagnosed with lead fracture within 1 year to 8 years after device implantation due to external trauma one of them epicardial, three patients were diagnosed with lead failure of capture after 6 months with epicardial PPM. Two patients were diagnosed with insulation breaks 6 months after pacemaker implantation.
Only one patient with dual pacemaker device developed LV dysfunction due to RV pacing which was upgraded to CRT device after 8 years. One patient developed a psychological problem.
As regards lead model, 10 patients had a lead fracture due to external trauma, eight of them were Tendril (St.Jude) & two were using Salox SR 53(Biotronic). In patients using Tendril leads (St.Jude), three of them developed lead failure of capture and another three patients developed insulation breaks. There was no statistically significant difference between different lead models as regards lead related complications.
The longevity of PPM batteries (endocardial Vs epicardial), independently from pacing mode and battery manufacturer is presented by Kaplan-Meier survival estimate curve.
There was statistically significant difference among the two survival curves with median of 108 months in endocardial batteries compared to a median of 60 months in epicardial batteries.
The longevity of ventricular leads independently from pacing mode is represented by Kaplan-Meier survival curve in endocardial versus epicardial leads. There was statistically significant difference among two survival curves with median of 105 months in endocardial leads compared to median of 58 months in epicardial leads.