الفهرس 
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Abstract
Myopathy is usually non-fatal muscle disease involving skeletal muscle weakness, tenderness and pain with the possibility of the plasma creatinine kinase elevation. There are many different types of myopathies, some of which are genetic, inflammatory, or drug induced such as statin, Steroids or Zidovudine.
Myopathy is diagnosed clinically ,laboratory and histologically. The common symptoms of myopathy are muscle weakness, impaired function in activities of daily life, and, rarely, muscle pain and tenderness.
Statin induced myopathy occurs due to chronic intake of statin which is used for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease. Its symptoms varies from muscle tenderness, weakness, Myalgia, Myositis and Rhabdomyolysis (rapid muscle breakdown).. Myopathy have been associated with all commonly used statins and are dose dependent.
Curcumins is a highly potent, nontoxic bioactive agent Curcumin has several mechanisms of actions relevant to the treatment of SIM . These effects include its capacity to prevent and reduce delayed onset of muscle soreness by blocking the nuclear factor inflammatory pathway, attenuation of muscular atrophy, enhancement of muscle fiber regeneration following injury. The major disadvantage associated with the use of curcumins is the poor oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility.
Nanoparticles of curcumin (nanocurcumin) were prepared by special chemical technique to overcome the problem of poor bioavailability . Unlike curcumin, nanocurcumin was found to be freely dispersible in water in the absence of any surfactant
The present study was carried out on 30 adult male albino rats, weighing from 190 to 200 gm. The animals were divided into four groups. group Ι &II (5 animals each)were served as control group. group ΠI (10 animals) was treated with atorvastatin 40 mg\kg b.w\day orally for 4 weeks. 5animals sacrified 24h after the last dose and sacrefied 2weeks after the last dose. group IV were received same previous dose of atorvastatin followed by nanocurcumin 15mg\kg b.w\day orally for 4 weeks.
At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed 24 hours from the last dose after being anaesthetized by ether. The specimens were excised and processed for histological and immune histochemical studies.
Our results revealed that:
1- Exposure to atorvastatin showed prominent histological changes. there were disorganized, fragmented and discontinued muscle fibers. Splitting of myofibers with fragmented sarcoplasm and hypertrophy of the muscle fiber. The cytoplasm contained dense central nuclei, as well as remnants of necrotic nuclei. Nuclear chain phenomena was also observed. Some nuclei were internal rather than peripheral to the muscle fibers with loss of transverse and longitudinal striations of the myofibers. Cellular infiltration in perimysium was observed
2- atorvastatin caused loss of transverse and longitudinal striations of the affected muscle fibers.
3-Immunostaining with active caspase-3 revealed marked increase in the number of active caspase -3 immune positive cells in the treated group with atorvastatin.
4-Immunostaining with CD117 revealed scanty stanning positive satellite cells in the treated group with atorvastatin.
5- group of rats administrated nanocurcumin after atorvastatin showed an improvement in pathological changes in comparison with a group of rats received atorvastatin only. This improvement include restoration of transverse and longitudinal striations , nuclei were vesicular , peripheral with minimal CT in between muscle fiber, decrease of positive cells of active caspase-3and increase of positive cells of CD117.
Conclusion
Atorvastatin caused histopathological changes of the skeletal muscles through induction stress and apoptotic changes while nanocurcumin particles have anti-oxidant effects and led to marked improvement of these histopathological changes.
Recovery of some histopathological changes after stoppage of atorvastatin treatment.
Recommendation
Further studies should be done in animals using nano curcumin as a protective agent , also using ordinary curcumin instead of nano curcumin. Extra studies should be done in human with different concentrations.