الفهرس 
التمهيديوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 168 |  |  |
| | | from | 168 | | |
المستخلص
This study aims to identify an aspect of Roman civilization, through one of the funny occasions that characterized it, namely celebrating birthdays. Birthday is considered a happy and special day for humans, so many celebrate it in their memory every year in their lives, and sometimes people are celebrated after their deaths. Birthdays are a good reminder of the best blessing a person has acquired : the blessing of life. Birthdays occupied a special place in the minds of the Romans, and revealed that position, that many literary works of the Roman writers to revive them, as many poets and historians wrote in describing this occasion, and their writings revealed that their celebrations included the different layers of Roman society. The Romans were distinguished by the arrangement of birthday poems, to mark this occasion, which represented a great deal for them. We conclude from this study the following : First: Regarding the birthdays of the Romans : The Romans’ strong adherence to birthdays had two important drivers : religious and social. As for religious motivation, it was considered the most powerful influencer of Roman life and behavior. Birthdays were closely related to religion, a number of witnesses supported this, and it came to the conclusion that birthday celebrations were a ritual of the Roman religion. Among the most prominent evidences that confirm this and monitored by this study : the presence of the gods protecting the birthdays, which are prayed to in the annual celebration on the anniversary of the birth day, these gods are the guardian spirits, which are based on caring for the newborn from birth. The most famous of them is the god Genius, who was mentioned in many literary works, as well as the goddess Juno, and the god Palais, who was prayed to on the birthday of Rome, so these celebrations were considered a kind of thanks and gratitude to the gods, who gave them the blessings. Also among these evidences are the special rituals held during the ceremonial time, which in their entirety were the same rituals that were performed during worshiping, such as: praying to the gods, burning incense, and offering sacrifices to the gods, whether from slaughtered animals, or different types of cake made from wheat. Which were often made inside temples. Thus, religious rituals were present at all levels for the celebration of birthdays.