الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is part of a spectrum of thyroid autoimmune conditions, the pathogenesis is still not fully understood but it’s mostly interaction of environmental factors with genetic susceptibility associated with immunological dysregulation.
Both cellular and humoral immunity play a role in HT pathogenesis. Defects in T regulatory cells and elevated activation of follicular helper T cells may play a part in triggering the pathology. Infiltrating lymphocytes can be directly cytotoxic to thyroid follicular cells (TFC) or could influence cell viability/function in an indirect fashion via cytokine production, which changes integrity of TFC and affects their metabolic and immune function. Thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies are present in the majority of HT patients
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer, representing 70-80% of all diagnosed thyroid cancers with higher frequency in women with prevalence ratios ranging from 2.5 to 4.0:1.
The relationship between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma was first mentioned by Dailey, et al. in 1955. Since then, the association between the two diseases has been highly debated and remains controversial. Research up till now establish 11–36% of patients with coexistent Hashimoto’s thyroiditis/PTC disease. A clear association between the two diseases among patients of different ethnic origins.
Cross-sectional study was conducted including 500 patients with newly diagnosed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 94% females, 6 % males with mean age 39.06 ± 11.7 years to determine the clinical presentation, biochemical status (namely thyroid function test and thyroid antibodies) and ultrasonographic picture of the thyroid gland with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. And to determine the prevalence of thyroid cancer in detected thyroid nodules during thyroid ultrasonography among Alexandria population.
Diagnosis of HT was based on the biochemical affirmation of positive results of the thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies, together with thyroid ultrasonographic findings.
Thorough history taking and physical examination were held for all the recruited patients including (weight, height, BMI, and thyroid gland examination), serum TSH, FT4, FT3, TPOAb, serum thyroglobulin Abs, lipid profile for all the recruited cases.