الفهرس 
Definition of diabetesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic, non-contagious disease that afflicts all people of all ages and increases its rates of aging. Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing chronic diseases in the world. It is a heavy burden on the health system and ranks fourth in deadly diseases in human life. Diabetes is the most common cause of adult renal failure in the developed world Graviola fruit is sweet and full of health beneficial components with high moisture content. Medicinally this plant has great importance because of the number of pharmacological activities such as anti-mutagenic anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic Therefore, the present work was aimed to study the biological study of graviola fruit (pulp and peels) in improving the kidney functions, improve blood glucose levels and oxidative status in diabetic nephropathy rats To achieve these aims, the design of the study were as follows: Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley albino rats 200±5g were used in the present study. All rats were fed the basal diet for a week for adaptation. Rats were randomly divided into two main groups according to the following: First group: normal rats (6 rats) negative control group was fed the basal diet Second group: (42 rats) (Diabetic nephropathy rats) injected with alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) to induce diabetes and gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day) for 7 days to cause renal failure And then divided into 7 subgroups each group containing (6 rats) according to the following: Subgroup (1): Diabetic nephropathy rats (positive control group) fed the basal diet. Subgroup (2): Diabetic nephropathy rats fed basal diet + 2.5% the dried graviola pulp Subgroup (3): Diabetic nephropathy rats fed basal diet + 5% the dried graviola pulp Subgroup (4): Diabetic nephropathy rats fed basal diet + 7.5% the dried graviola pulp Subgroup (5): Diabetic nephropathy rats fed basal diet + 2.5% the dried graviola peels Subgroup (6): Diabetic nephropathy rats fed basal diet + 5% the dried graviola peels Subgroup (7): Diabetic nephropathy rats fed basal diet + 7.5% the dried graviola peels At the end of experimental period (30 days), rats were sacrificed after 12h of fasting, blood samples were collected from the hepatic portal vein to separate the serum by centrifugation and kept it at a temperature of -20 °C until used it to estimate the following analyzes: Blood glucose was estimated at the beginning, 15 days and 30 days of the experimental period. The insulin levels, kidney function (creatine, urea, total protein, albumin, and globulin), lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, and VLDL-c) and oxidative state estimation (SOD-GSH-GPX-MDA) were estimated after 30 days of the experimental period. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: 1- The dried graviola pulp had a high content of moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash than peel of graviola which were 19.92, 5.69, 1.59 and 3.9 g/100ml, respectively. The dried graviola peels had high content total carbohydrate and crude fiber than the dried graviola pulp which were 64.93 and 17.99 g/100ml, respectively.2- The dried graviola peel had the highest content of total phenol, flavonoid and vitamin C as compared with the dried graviola pulp.