الفهرس 
Literature Review
Strategies to improve intraprofessional collaboration among nursesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nowadays rapid changes in value systems of the society causes nursing to encounter more ethical and philosophical challenges at providing care to patients and clients. These changes also create new nursing environments that need professional nursing. Nurse-nurse collaboration is a component of a healthy nursing work environment which can be associated with positive results not only for nurses, but also for patients, organizations and society as a whole. Evidence from the literature identifies numerous advantages of effective collaboration in the healthcare working environment: improved quality of patient care, increased satisfaction in the multidisciplinary work group, enhanced individual performance, developed decision making, low rate of absenteeism and tardiness, and strengthened professional performance components such as coordination, shared responsibility and innovation.Furthermore, effective intraprofessional nursing collaboration and teamwork contribute to improved patient recovery and reduced hospital stay time, which in turn has a positive impact on overall healthcare costs. Professionalism is a significant attribute of collaboration. Professionalism is one of the challenging issues and basic concepts in nursing that results from interaction of the individual, the workplace, and interpersonal communication. Professionalism, communication, and collaboration are rightfully worthy of our attention, as they not only reflect the integrity and manners but also participate in creating a well-established hospital environment that is built on mutual respect and trust among both patients and the treating staff Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between collaboration among nurses and their professionalism in general departments and closed units at Menoufia University Hospital. A descriptive correlational research design was used in conducting this study.A convenient sample of two hundred nurses was recruited from general departments and closed units in Menoufia University Hospital at Shebin El-Kom University Hospitals (N=200): 92 nurses from general departments and 108 nurses from closed units with percentage of (46% and 54%) respectively. Inclusion criteria: Both male and female nurses who accepted to participate in this study and had at least two years of experience were invited to participate in this study.Data of the present study was collected using two instruments. Instrument I:The nurse-nurse collaboration scale (NNCS): It was developed by Dougherty and Larson (2010) and modified by (Sheehan, 2016). The investigator adopted the modified version by Sheehan (2016) in the current study. It was used to measure collaboration amongst nurses at Shebin El-Kom Menoufia University Hospital. It consists of 35- items, 5- point Likert scale on 5 subscales. Instrument II: Hall/Snizek professionalism Inventory (HPI): It is developed by Hall (1968) and modified by Snizek (1972). It is developed to measure the degree of professionalism among nurses. The investigator adopted the modified version by Snizek (1972) in the current study. The Hall / Snizek Professionalism Inventory included 25-item, 5- point Likert scale on 5 subscales (5 items for each subscale).Reliability of both instruments These instruments were tested for reliability by the internal consistency Cronbach’s α, (0.85) for nurse-nurse collaboration scale and (0.81) for Hall / Snizek Professionalism Inventory.Results of the study:The main findings of the present study revealed the following: There were a moderate level of collaboration and professionalism among study sample. There was a high statistical significant positive correlation between total score of collaboration among nurses and their total score of professionalism.Recommendations Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are proposed for practical, educational and research level:At practical level: Healthcare organizations should develop a culture of professionalism and collaboration among nurses, maintain proper nurses - patient ratio, and maintain regular nursing rounds. Provide effective in-service training for nurses and nurse managers about conflict resolution, provide opportunities for continuing education to lifelong learning as a part of professionalism, encourage nurses to attend various conferences, and exchange new information through professional journals and publications.At educational level: Nursing education institutions should enhance the part of, coordination,intraprofessional collaboration and professionalism in the nursing curriculum,collaborate with in-service training department in healthcare organizations, and reinforce lifelong learning among nursing students.At research level: Further research studies should be conducted to identify other factors that impede and facilitate collaboration and professional practices among nurses in different healthcare sectors.