الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Enamel demineralization and formation of white spot lesions are the most common side effects of fixed orthodontic treatment. They depend on many factors: patient oral hygiene, bonding material and bracket type. The Aim of this study was to evaluate the enamel demineralization around flash-free and conventional adhesive precoated orthodontic brackets after debonding.92 extracted human upper premolar teeth with intact buccal enamel surface were bonded with 3 types of brackets. They were divided into 4 equal groups; group 1 for APCTM flash free adhesive coated brackets, group 2 for APCTM PLUS Adhesive coated brackets, group 3 for ClarityTM Advanced Ceramic Bracket pasted manually and group 4 (control) in which teeth enamel were not bonded.Teeth were recycled between a cariogenic and artificial saliva solutions for 42 days to simulate oral cavity conditions. After brackets debonding, the teeth enamel surfaces were examined using AFM to measure roughness and depth of enamel lesions, spectrophotometer to measure the three-dimensional color changes and scanning electron microscope. The data were then collected and analyzed. All measurements of brackets showed statistical significant differences between the four groups. The three bonded teeth groups showed significant differences regarding the demineralization. ClarityTM Advanced Ceramic Bracket achieved the highest value, whereasAPCTM flash free adhesive coated brackets achieved the lowest value. There were direct significant relations between bracket types and enamel demineralization.The flash free brackets have a significant effect in decreasing the demineralization of enamel around fixed appliances in comparison with the conventional orthodontic brackets.