الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Surgical pain is due to inflammation from tissue trauma (i.e., surgical incision, dissection, burns) or direct nerve injury (i.e., nerve transaction, stretching, or compression). The patient senses pain through the afferent pain pathway which can be altered by various pharmacologic agents. Postoperative management of pain in pediatric population is of major concern as it reduces the incidence of complications and leads to earlier hospital discharge.Regional anesthesia is accepted as the cornerstone of post-operative pain relief in the pediatrics , it has the advantage of providing good post-operative analgesia as well as decreasing parenteral opioids requirements. Data on postoperative pain after surgery consistently shows moderate-to-severe pain in the first 24 hours after surgery with traditional systemic analgesic techniques, such as intravenous or intramuscular opioids, patient-controlled opioid analgesia, and multimodal analgesia with opioids combined with acetaminophen, NSAIDs, neuropathic agents, and ketamine. Aim of the study: the study was done to evaluate efficacy of ultra-sound guided transverses abdominus plane block versus local anaesthetic wound infiltration versus ultra-sound guided ilioinguinal /iliohypogastric nerve block with or without using of dexmedetomidine as an additive to bupivacaine, in the management of the postoperative pain in pediatric patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair.