الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION
Effect of some micronutrients nanoparticlesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during 2017/ 18 and 2018/ 19 seasons at the Agronomy Department Experimental Farm, Agriculture Faculty, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt to study the effect of foliar spray by some nano micronutrients on production and quality of three bread wheat cultivars. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) using strip plot arrangement with three replications. Foliar spray with tap water (solvent as a control) and foliar spray with Fe, Mn, Zn, Fe+Mn, Fe+Zn, Mn+Zn and Fe+Mn+Zn in nano form at 300 ppm were allocated horizontally, while bread wheat cultivars (Sids-1, Sids-12 and Gemmeaza-11) were arranged vertically. FeO, MnO and ZnO as a source of Fe, Mn and Zn nanoparticles elements, respectively The results can be summarized as follows IV.1- Vegetative traits: -IV.1-a. Flag leaf area (cm2): Data point out that flag leaf area, affected highly significantly (P ≤ 0.01) and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by the interaction between some micronutrients nanoparticles foliar spray and bread wheat cultivars in the first and second seasons, respectively. Thus, the maximum mean values of flag leaf area were obtained from Gemmeaza-11 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe+Mn+Zn in the first season and sprayed with Mn+Zn in the second one. IV.1-b. Chlorophyll content mg/m2:
It is clear from the obtained data that the interaction between some micronutrients nanoparticles foliar sprays and bread wheat cultivars had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) and a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect on total chlorophyll trait in the first and second seasons, respectively. Here too, the maximum mean values of total chlorophyll content were obtained from Sids-12 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe+Mn+Zn in the both seasons. Otherwise, the minimum mean values of total chlorophyll content were obtained from Sids-1 cultivar which was sprayed with tap water (control). IV.1-c. Plant height (cm): The interaction between foliar spray treatment by some micronutrients nanoparticles and wheat cultivars had a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect on plant height in the both seasons. Moreover, the tallest wheat plants were obtained from Sids-1 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe+Mn+Zn nanoparticles in the both seasons. On the other hand, the shortest plants were obtained from Sids-12 cultivar which was sprayed by Mn+Zn nanoparticles in the first season and control (tap water) in the second one. IV.1-d. Spike length (cm): The obtained results show that the spike length trait was failed to be reacted significantly to the tested factors and their interaction except cultivars. Thus, the spike length trait was affected highly significant (P≤ 0.01) and significant (P ≤ 0.05) by the tested wheat cultivar in the first and second seasons, respectively. The longest wheat spikes were obtained from Gemmeaza-11 cultivar in the both seasons. Otherwise the shortest spikes were obtained from Sids-1 cultivar in the both seasons. IV.2- Yield components traits: - IV.2-a. Spikes number m-2: Data show that foliar spray treatment by some micronutrients nanoparticles had a highly significant (P≤ 0.01) effect on spikes number m-2 in the first season only. Thus, the highest mean value of spikes number m-2 (400.00 spikes m-2 in the first season) was obtained from foliar application with Fe+Mn+Zn in the first season. Here too, the tested bread wheat cultivars had a highly significant (P≤ 0.01) and significant (P≤ 0.05) effect on spikes number m-2 in the first and second seasons, respectively. Sids-1 cultivar surpassed the others two cultivars in this respect in the two successive seasons. IV.2-b. Number of kernels spike-1 Kernels number spike-1, reacted a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) to the interaction between some micronutrients nanoparticles foliar spray and bread wheat cultivars in second season only. Thus, the highest mean value of kernels number spike-1 was obtained from Sids-12 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe+Mn+Zn in the second season.
IV.2-c. Thousand grain weight (g):
Foliar spray treatment by some micronutrients nanoparticles had a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) and significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect on 1000- kernel weight in the first and second seasons, respectively. Thus, the highest mean values of 1000- kernel weight were obtained from foliar spray with Fe+Mn+Zn in the first season and from Fe+Zn in the second one. Furthermore, the tested bread wheat cultivars had a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect on 1000 kernel weight in the both seasons. The maximum mean values of 1000 kernel weight were obtained from Gemmeaza-11 cultivar in the both seasons. IV.2-d. Kernel weight spike-1 (g):
Data show that kernels weight spike-1 trait reacted a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) to the interaction between micronutrients and cultivars in the second season only. The maximum mean valmicronutrients and cultivars in the second season only. The maximum mean value of kernel weight spike-1 in the second season was obtained from Gemmeaza-11 bread wheat cultivar which was sprayed by Fe+Mn+Zn. IV.3-Yield traits: - IV.3-a. Biological yield (ton fed.-1):
The biological yield trait shows a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) and significant (P ≤ 0.05) affect by the interaction between micronutrients nanoparticles and cultivars in the first and second seasons, respectively. The highest mean values of this trait were obtained from Sids-1 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe+Mn in the first season and sprayed by Fe alone in the second one. IV.3-b. Grain yield (ardab fed.-1): The obtained results show that the interaction had a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) and significant (P ≤ 0.05) influence on grain yield in the first and second seasons respectively. Here too, the highest mean values of grain yield (26.80 and 26.95 ardab fed.-1 in the two respective seasons) were obtaine from Gemmeaza-11 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe+Mn+Zn nanoparticles in both seasons IV.3-c. Straw yield (ton fed.-1): Straw yield reacted highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) to the interaction between some micronutrients nanoparticles and bread wheat cultivars in the two growing seasons. Thus, the highest mean values of straw yield were obtained from Sids-1 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe+Mn in the first season and sprayed by tap water (control treatment) in the second one. IV.4- Quality traits: IV.4-a. Test weight (kg /hectoliter): It is clear from the obtained data that the interaction between micronutrients nanoparticles foliar spray and bread wheat cultivars had a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect in the first season only. Thus, the highest mean value of the test weight trait was obtained from Sids-1 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe+Mn in the first season. >IV.4-b. Flour percentage (%): Flour percentage trait reacted a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) to the interaction between micronutrients nanoparticles and cultivars in the two growing seasons. Moreover, the maximum mean values of net flour in the both seasons were obtained from Sids-12 cultivar which was sprayed by Zn nanoparticles in the first season and Sids-1 cultivar which was sprayed by Zn nanoparticles in the second one. IV.4-c. Coarse bran percentage (%) Data illustrated focus that the interaction had a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) influence on coarse bran percentage in the both seasons. The highest mean values of coarse bran percentage in the both seasons were obtained from Sids-1 cultivar which was sprayed by Zn in the first season and Gemmeaza-11 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe in the second one.
IV.4-d. Fine bran percentage (%): Fine bran percentage reacted a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) to the interaction between some micronutrients nanoparticles foliar spray and bread wheat cultivars in the both seasons. Thus, the maximum mean values of fine bran percentage were obtained from Gemmeaza-11 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe+Mn in the both seasons. IV.4-e. Wet gluten percentage (%): The interaction between some micronutrients nanoparticles and wheat cultivars had a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) influence on wet gluten percentage trait in the two growing seasons. Moreover, the highest mean values of wet gluten percentage were recorded from Sids-12 cultivar which was sprayed by Mn in the first season and Sids-1 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe in the second season. IV.4-f. Dry gluten percentage (%): Dry gluten percentage trait was reacted significantly (P ≤ 0.05) to the interaction between micronutrients nanoparticles foliar spray and bread wheat cultivars in the second season only. The highest mean value of dry gluten percentage was obtained from Sids-1 cultivar which was sprayed by Fe+Mn. IV.4-g. Fermentation time (minutes): Data illustrated focus that the interaction had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) and a highly significant (P 0.01) influence on fermentation time in the first and second seasons, respectively. Here too, the highest mean values of fermentation time were obtained from Sids-12 cultivar which was sprayed by Mn+Zn in the first season and from the same cultivar when it was sprayed by Mn or Fe+Zn or Mn+Zn nanoparticles treatments in the second season.