الفهرس 
chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Monuments and historical sites usually exposed to changes in color, material and shape due to several environmental and human factors. Therefore, continuous repair and maintenance for these valuable monuments and sites are usually needed. Preparing permanent precise records and documents for these monuments is the optimum way for their preservation. Recently, the generation of three-dimensional photo-realistic models has been one of the most interesting topics in photogrammetry and LiDAR. The purpose of this research is to study, compare, and asses the use of close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning techniques to reconstruct 3D objects. The façade of Coptic Museum, the AMR IBN AL-AAS Gate and the two façades of Shorouk Building were chosen in this study. The results indicated that flatbed scanner with metric camera was acceptable in such cases when the photographed facades have no coarse details. whereas, nonmetric camera cannot be used in precise measurement. Also, it was concluded that terrestrial laser scanning technique was accurate enough for precise 3D restoration applications. The same results were obtained by using photogrammetry scanner with metric camera in close-range photogrammetry technique.