الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Smoking contain many hazardous elements including, nicotine, ammonia, phenols, acetaldehyde, polyphenols, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrogen cyanide. These compounds play role in production of a huge number of free radicals which are involved in tissue injury. Vitamin C level was lower in patients than in controls and lowest in smokers than non smokers group, while protein carbonyl and MDA were significantly higher in patients group when compared to control group, and were higher in smokers than non smokers. In nonsmokers subgroup, results showed significant positive correlations between protein carbonyl and serum bilirubin level but it was negative with vitamin C. In smokers patients, results showed significant positive correlations between protein carbonyl and serum bilirubin level and it was negatively correlated with serum albumin. So,Smoking leads to depletion of body antioxidants like vitamin C and cause marked elevation of oxidants like protein carbonyl and MDA producing oxidative stress.