الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract The present study aims to introduce a simple, rapid and economical route to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous and methanolic extracts from two medicinal plants; ginger and lemon grass as reducing and stabilizing agents In this respect we determined the chemical composition of both aqueous, methanolic extracts, and essential oils. AgNPs synthesis was inferred by the change of color from yellow to brown. The size, morphology and stability of AgNPs depend on the active ingredients in the extracts. AgNPs size and morphology were characterized using UV-visible analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We investigated the ability of these extracts to protect liver, kidney and heart of rats against oxidative stress caused by H2O2 (0.5 % in drinking water). Finally we evaluated antibacterial effect of (AgNPs), methanolic extracts and essential oils against some pathogenic bacteria. The results obtained can be summarized in the following points: 1- Chemical composition of ginger: - moisture (15%), protein (7.1%), lipids (6.7%), carbohydrates (42 %), fibers (37 %), and ash (5.3 %). 2- Chemical composition of lemon grass: moisture (33%), protein (3.8%), lipids (8.66%), carbohydrates (33%), fibers (39.0%), and ash (13%). 3- The essential oil of ginger and lemon grass were analyzed by Gc/Ms to determine their components, Twenty four compounds were identified in ginger oil. The main compounds were L-sesquiphellandrene (26.1%) and Zingiberen (12.3%). Also twenty nine compounds were identified in lemon grass essential oil. The main compounds were Citral A (Geranial) (36.6) % followed by Citral B (Neral) (32.2%), β-myrcene(9.1%), and Nerol (5.1%) 4- Silver nano particles were synthesized using both of aqueous and methanolic extract of each plant the maximum peak ranged from 400 to 450 nm as measured by UV-visible spectrophotometer. The minimal size of prepared (AgNPs) ranged 13-50 nm under Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 5- Total phenolic components: lemon grass essential oil recorded the highest value (339) ppm and lowest value was (77) ppm for lemon grass aqueous extract, but in the same time ginger methanolic extract recorded the highest value of flavonoids (25.1) ppm however ginger aqueous nano record the lowest value (5.7) ppm. 6- Total antioxidant capacity was determined and lemon grass methanolic extract silver Nano particles record the highest value (512) μmol ascorbic equ but lemon grass aqueous extract record the lowest value (145) μmol ascorbic equ in concentration 100%, in the same tine Ginger methanolic extract record the highest value of reducing power (467) mg/ml and the lowest value was (356) mg/ml for ginger oil. 7- In this aspect we designed bio experiment on rats to evaluate the efficiency of these extracts to protect liver, kidney and heart of experimental animals against oxidative stress caused by addition of 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water. The study showed that; all of silver nano extracts recorded the highest effect followed by essential oil and methanolic extracts from both of ginger and lemon grass. 8- Antibacterial activity of AgNPs, Methanolic extracts and oil – was determined by testing minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against common pathogenic bacteria including: -Gram negative bacilli: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella para typhi B, Salmonella typhi, Shigella species and Proteus mirabilis , and -Gram positive cocci: Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Enterococcus Recommendations: 1- Medicinal and aromatic plants should be used in fooding and drinking because its contain a lot of natural antioxidant. 2- Plant extracts can be used as drugs alternates because its useful effect 3- Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles is simple, rapid, economical and can be used in large scale so that we recommended that do another experiments on pigs and Monkeys preparing to using silver nanoparticles in human treatment. 4- Nowadays world suffering from multi drud resisitant bacteria so we recommended that using silver nanoparticles as antibiotic alternate in the future. 5- Nanoparticles can make a huge trend in many areas, especially in field of Biochemistry and modern technology. |