الفهرس 
Embryological and physiological concepts of first trimesterOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The clinical diagnosis of threatened miscarriage is presumed when any bloody vaginal discharge or bleeding appears during the first half of pregnancy. Bleeding usually begins first, and cramping abdominal pain follows a few hours to several days later .Threatened miscarriage is extremely commonplace with one out of four to five women experiencing vaginal spotting or heavier bleeding during early pregnancy. Approximately half of these women will abort .Those women who do not abort are at higher risk of suboptimal pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery, low birth weight and perinatal death. Other than clinical symptoms, ultrasound examination is an important auxiliary procedure of diagnosis of abortion. The sonographic findings using conventional ultrasound have been assessed and are considered to have a prognostic value . Some parameters obtained using conventional ultrasound considered as prognostic factors are: the morphological characteristics of the yolk sac, adequate visualization of the embryo by transvaginal technique, changes in fetal heart rate .
The introduction of Doppler u/s in obstetrics has allowed evaluating hemodynamic characteristics from the first trimester of pregnancy .
The measures obtained by Doppler ultrasonography that may have prognostic value to the evolution of pregnancy include uteroplacental blood flow also known as trophoblastic flow Jaffe et al. reported that abnormal Doppler findings were associated with significantly higher prevalence of complication pregnancies among woman with abnormal Doppler findings 43%ended in miscarriage whereas among woman with normal findings only 1.4% of woman miscarried .
Recently studies reported that the abnormal resistance of utrine artery may be useful to predict recurrent fetal loss.
This study was carried out at the Obstetrics & Gynecology Department in Menoufia University Hospitals and Al Bagour General Hospital between April 2017 and Juli 2018. The study included total of 149 pregnant women having all of the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria with singleton pregnancy during their first trimester (between 5th and 9th weeks gestation) classified into two groups: group (A) contained 65 women (after replacement of 11women who discontinued follow up) with normal ongoing pregnancy and this was the control group.