الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of pentoxifylline on vascular diabetic complications in adult male albino rats. 40 rats were divided into 4 groups (10 rat \ each): group I (control group)
group II (PTX group)
group III (Diabetic group),
group IV (Diabetic + PTX),
At the end of experimental period (8 weaks), specimens of aorta and renal artery were obtained.5 µm thick sections were cut and stained with H&E and Orecin stains. Immunohistochemical staining with Anti NF-κb and Anti-α-SMA were also done. Then sections were examined by light microscope to detect any histological changes.
Morphometeric study was performed for measuring the thickness of tunica intima and tunica media of both aorta and renal artery.
Histological examination of diabetic rat aorta and renal artery showed picture of vasculopathy inform of: areas of irregularity of tunica intima and nuclear bulging, thickened disorganized tunica media with smooth muscle cells proliferation and vacuolation, and widely spaced tunica adventitia with inflamatory cells infltration. The elastic fibers showed marked disruption, irregularity and flatteninig.
These finding were markedly reduced after the protective treatment with pentoxifylline; the tunica intima of both aorta and renal artery has restored normal pattern with thin layer of endothelial cells, tunica media has decreased in thickness and SMCs showed marked decrease proliferation and vauolation, and tunica adventitia became less spaced than diabetic group. Elastic fibers in tunica media of aorta showed marked decrease in flattening and disruption after recieving pentoxifylline.
Statistical analysis results of both aorta and renal artery showed statisitical non significant thickening of tunica intima of diabetic rats as compared to control group.
The tunica media of diabetic aorta showed statistical high significant thickening as compared to control group, and The he tunica media of diabetic renal artery showed also statistical significant thickening as compared to control group. The thickness of the tunica media in both aorta and renal artery has become significantly decreased after the protective treatment with pentoxifylline.
Examination of sections of aorta and renal artery Imunohistochemical stained with Anti-NF-κB which is inflamatory marker, the control and PTX groups showed negative reaction .While the diabetic group showed strong positive reaction.The diabetic group recieved PTX showed decreased reaction as compared to diabetic group. This indicate that the PTX has decreased the inflamation induced by DM in the blood vessel wall.
Immunohistochemical sections of aorta and renal artery stained with Anti-α-SMA, The thickness of smooth muscle fibers were observed to be increased in diabetic group as compared to control group. In diabetic group recieved PTX, the thickness of smooth muscle fibers has decreased when compared to diabetic group. This indicate that the PTX decreased the proliferation and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by DM.
It is concluded that PTX has improved the histopathological changes of diabetic vasculopathy which indicates its protective role, so it is recommended to be used as adjuvant therapy in diabetes mellitus.