الفهرس 
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Abstract
Phytochemical and biological studies of Bignonia binata and Tabebuia argentea, Family: Bignoniaceae, Cultivated in Egypt
Bignoniaceae is a flowering plants family, comprising of about 110 genera and 650 species and commonly known as the Trumpet Creeper and Catalpa family. B. binata is broadly distributed liana from Mexico to Argentina, while T. argentea is restricted to South America with wide distribution from Venezuela to Argentina, in which it is known in the Northeastern Brazil by the trivial names as ”Craibeira” and is traditionally used for snake bites treatment, anti-inflammatory and against influenza. They are cultivated in Egypt in El-Zohria botanical garden, Giza.
In this study, we performed phytochemical and biological studies in the two plants; B. binata and T. argentea as following:
Part I: Metabolomics analysis including:
Metabolomics profiling of the total extracts and their fractions of B. binata and T. argentea leaves.
Part II: Phytochemical study of B. binata and T. argentea leaves including:
1- Estimation of the total phenolic and flavonoidal constituents of the TEE and different fractions of B. binata and T argentea leaves.
2- Preliminary phytochemical screening of the powdered B. binata leaves.
3- Isolation and structural elucidation of the different constituents of B. binata leaves.
Part III: Biological study of B. binata and T. argentea leaves including:
1- Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the TEEs and derived fractions of B. binata and T.argentea leaves.
2- Evaluation of the hepatic and renal protective activity of B. binata and T. argentea leaves; TEEs and different fractions.
3- Evaluation of anti-infective activity of the TEEs and different fractions of both plants including:
a- Evaluation of antiprotozoan activity; antimalarial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities.
b- Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity.
Part I: Metabolomics analysis of B. binata and T. argentea leaves
LC-HR-ESI-MS based metabolomics analysis of B. binata and T. argentea leaves resulted in the dereplication of 22 compounds. Twelve compounds were dereplicated in B. binata among them, 8 phenylethanoids, 2 iridoids and 2 flavonoidal glycosides. While, 10 compounds were dereplicated in T. argentea including: 6 flavonoids, a naphthoquinone, 2 unsaturated fatty acids and an iridoid.
Part II: Phytochemical study of B. binata and T. argentea leaves
Chapter I
Total phenolic and flavonoidal contents of B. binata and T. argentea leaves
The total phenolic and flavonoidal contents of B. binata and T argentea leaves showed wide content variation. In which, the B. binata had higher contents of phenolic and flavonoidal constituents, whereas its EtOAc fraction had the highest phenolic content followed by MeOH subfr. While, the TEE showed the highest flavonoidal content, followed by EtOAc fraction.
Chapter II
Preliminary phytochemical screening of the powdered leaves of B. binata
B. binata leaves contained carbohydrates and/or glycosides, flavonoids, unsaturated sterols and triterpenes. Additionally, they were free from crystalline sublimate substances, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, nitrogenous compounds and/or alkaloids and coumarins.
Chapter III
Extraction, fractionation and isolation of the main constituents from B. binata leaves
A-Extraction and fractionation:
The air dried powdered (2.7 kg) of B. binata leaves were extracted by maceration with 95% ethanol till exhaustion. The alcoholic extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a viscous dark green residue (420 g).
The dried ethanol extract (415 g) was suspended in 400 ml of distilled water, transferred to a separating funnel and partitioned with successive portions of pet. ether, and EtOAc. These fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure; affording fraction I (75 g) and fraction II (125 g), while the remaining mother liquor (aqueous fraction) was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford fraction III (200 g).
B- Isolation of the main constituents of B. binata leaves:
Eighteen compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fr. and four compounds (19-22) were obtained from the aqueous fr. after successive purification steps of using VLC, silica gel CC, diaion HP-20 CC, RP18 CC, sephadex LH-20 CC and HPLC.