الفهرس 
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Abstract
The incidence of type I diabetes is rising worldwide, particularly in young children. Type I diabetes is considered a multifactorial disease with genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Strict glycemic control is essential for preventing the complications of diabetes.
HbA1c levels provide an estimate of plasma glucose levels during the preceding 1-3 months, serum fructosamine generally reflects the state of glycemic control for the preceding 2-3 weeks.
Evaluation of QOL in children with T1DM is essential given the potentially damaging medical effects of the illness and the influence of intense treatment demands on daily functioning. Since T1DM is an illness that is commonly diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, it is especially important to examine how diabetes influences the developing child, diabetes and its treatment can disturb daily functioning and impact a child’s overall QOL including physical symptoms, ability to attain developmental milestones, academic performance and socio-emotional development.
Aim of the work:
To asses health-related quality of life in a group of diabetic children using different assessment tools.
Subjects and Methods:
This study included 50 children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus who had regular follow up in the pediatric Endocrinology outpatient’s clinic, Minia University Children’s Hospital, they were recruited during the period from July 2018 to December 2018.
They were classified into two groups:
• group I: included 50 children who had already been diagnosed as diabetic patients according to standard American Diabetes Association criteria.
• group II: included 50 apparently healthy children, their ages and sex were matched to the diseased group.
Both groups have been subject to:
1. Detailed history.
2. Clinical examination.
3. Laboratory tests including (HbA1c).
4.Generic pediatric health related quality of life.
Results:
Children with diabetes reported significant lower scores in all domains. The mean total scale scores were 75.3±6.6 for diabetic children and 95.9±3.5 for healthy children, with significant difference between the two groups (P <0.001).
HbA1c was statistically increase in diabetic patient when compared with normal control with p value (<0.001). The majority of diabetic children (78%) showed positive family history compared to 6% in health children (P <0.001).
BMI was lower among diabetic children (16.7±1.7) compared with non-diabetic children (19.9±1.4) and this difference was statistically significant (p <0.001).
Our study showed that there was significant fair negative correlation between BMI and HbA1c among diabetic children (r= -0.402, p= 0.004), The higher the HbA1c the lower the BMI. Concerning the DKA frequency, there was significant fair positive association between it and HbA1c among diabetic children (r=0.462, p=0.001), The higher the HbA1c the higher the DKA frequency.