الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease has become a worldwide health concern with highly increasing incidence and prevalence. End stage renal disease is the advanced stage of CKD and occurs when kidney function reaches 5 to 10% of the normal GFR. chronic kidney disease causes many systemic complications as skeletal disorders, anemia, CVS disease, neurologic disturbances, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and discomforting skin changes.
Both the systemic condition and the therapeutic interventions can negatively affect the oral health status in CKD patients. A wide variety of manifestations have been recorded as mucosal lesions, oral infections, dental anomalies and bone lesions, periodontitis, xerostomia and uremic fetor. The dental care for these patients is highly complex owing to the existing medical condition and the medications associated with the disease.
The incidence and prevalence of ESRD are not known accurately in Egypt due to the lack of national renal registry. There is severe deficiency of database concerning the oral health status at CKD in Egyptian population. This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the oral health in all CKD stages to minimize all the possible risk factors and achieve a proper management for all oral problems.
A total number of 225 participants with CKD were recruited from Kasr Al-Ainy Cairo University hospital from the period of July to October 2017. A questionnaire was performed through an interview between the investigator and the patients. A comprehensive oral examination was done and the existing oral findings were recorded. The data were statistically analyzed; continuous variables were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation & median (range), and the categorical variables were expressed as a number (percentage).
The results demonstrated that tongue coating, clinical oral dryness and poor oral hygiene were the characteristic findings in all stages of CKD. Oral candidiasis and purpura were found secondary to local and systemic factors not related to the existing CKD. Patients receiving dialysis were at high risk of HCV infection.