الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the most frequent cause for preventable blindness in working adults in many countries. The beneficial effect of intravitreal Aflibercept injection in improving the visual acuity and retinal thickness in eyes with Diabetic macular edema has been proved by many studies.
OCT added a high-resolution cross sectional scanning of the entire macular area. OCT can be fundamental in the diagnosis and follow up of Diabetic macular edema (DME), giving not only an objective measurement of the macular thickness with a resolution of 10 microns, but also an image of intraretinal structure and epiretinal tractions, This makes OCT the preferred indicator of therapeutic benefit of different treatment strategies.
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of intravitreal injection of Aflibercept (Eylea) in treatment of diabetic macular edema.
This study was carried out on 50 eyes of 32 patients. All of them have diabetic macular edema, all the cases received monthly intravitreal injection of Aflibercept along 3months and evaluated by OCT preinjection and after 3 months.
Patients were excluded if they had an ophthalmic condition other than diabetic macular edema that could affect visual acuity such as retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa or glaucoma.Other complication of diabetic retinopathy (tractional retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage).
Patients were subjected to detailed ophthalmic evaluation including anterior segment examination, intraocular pressure measurement, fundus examination with slit lamp biomicroscopy and macular thickness evaluation by OCT.
There was statistically significant decrease in CMT between preinjection and after three months injection measured by OCT.
According to the current study CMT changes evaluated by OCT as follow :-
CMT decreased significantly from 471.86±132.68 μm (Range 303-946 μm) pre injection to 322.98±131.72 μm (Range 227-846 μm) post injection.
The mean BCVA was 0.14±0.12 at baseline. At the first, second, and third months after the injection, the mean BCVA were 0.23±0.15, 0.32±0.20, and 0.40±0.24 respectively .The mean and median BCVA over the entire follow-up period was significantly improved compared with baseline BCVA.