الفهرس 
Introduction and RationaleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Spondylolisthesis is the translation of one vertebra over another either anterior or posterior. This can be caused either by a congenital malformation in the vertebral structure, trauma or degeneration. This condition causes a lot of limitation to the patient beginning from chronic low back pain that reaches to a degree of lifestyle affection, also radicular pain that radiates along certain nerve roots causing disturbing pain, sensory and motor deficit that can be uncorrectable.
Management of spondylolisthesis depends on multiple factors beginning from age, associated medical conditions, and type and grade of spondylolisthesis. Conservative treatment with analgesics and physiotherapy can relieve the pain and improve general functioning but it can’t prevent the progression of spondylolisthesis grade. Meanwhile, high-grade spondylolisthesis associated with severe disabling pain or neurological symptoms that fails to respond to conservative modalities requires surgical intervention.