الفهرس 
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Abstract
Worldwide, TB is one of the top 10 causes of death, and the leading cause from a single infectious agent (above HIV/AIDS); millions of people continue to fall sick with the disease each year.
In 2017, TB caused an estimated 1.3 million deaths (range, 1.2–1.4 million) among HIV-negative people, and there were an additional 300 000 deaths from TB (range, 266 000–335 000) among HIV-positive people.a There were an estimated 10.0 million new cases of TB (range, 9.0–11.1 million), equivalent to 133 cases (range, 120–148) per 100 000 population.
This study was conducted at the Abbassia Chest Hospital from 1st January 2017 to 30th April 2017, followed by follow-up of patients for six months in their nearest chest hospital. This study aims to study gender differences in TB.
Data was collected and analyzed and the following was found:
The total number of cases were 126 cases, including 98 cases of males (77%) , while the female cases was 28 (23%).
Male age ranged between 19-75 years, while females were younger, ranging from 18-66 years.
Regarding the nationality of patients, the total number of patients with foreign nationalities was 26 patients (20.6%) of whom were 21 males (21%) of the total male patients, and 5 females (17%) of the total female patients.
Classification of tuberculous patients according to occupation showed that the highest prevalence of tuberculous infection affecting manual workers (62%), followed by unemployed (including unemployment, state employees over the age of pension) (15%), and office workers 11.2%), then students (8.2%) and the lowest percentage was in prisoners (1.2%). As for females, the highest prevalence of TB infection was found among female housewives (71.4%), manual workers (14.3%), female office workers (10.7%) and students (3.6%).
Regarding marital status, married cases represented 54% in males, while 44.9% were single and 1% were divorced, while females were divided between married women (64.3%) and single women (35.7%).
Regarding the special habits, more than half of the male cases were smokers (53.1%) and intravenous drug addicts accounted for (1%), while (28.6%) combine smoking and intravenous drug addiction, (3.1%) were Ex-smokers and (14.6%) do not have special habits of medical importance.
As for the female cases, 89.3% of the cases did not have special habits of medical importance. Smoking among the female cases accounted for 7.1% while 3.6% of the cases combined smoking and intravenous drug addiction.
According to the definition of the cases, the new cases represented (73.5%) among the male cases, while 89.3% of the female cases were new cases, Defaulter cases represented 14.3% among the male cases and 3.6% among the female cases. The incidence of relapse was 10.2% among male cases and 7.1% among female cases. Treatment failure cases were only between males 2%.
The study also revealed that 8 cases of males (8.2%) were infected with Hepatitis C virus, 4 cases of males (4.1%) infected with HIV, and DM mellitus was found in 16 cases of males (16.3%) and in 6 cases Of females (21.4%).
Regarding radiological description of the patients, 57 male cases (58.2%) and 12 female cases(42.9%) of had bilateral radiological findings, and 31male cases (31.6%) and 11 female cases (39.3%) had unilateral radiological findings, while the incidence of pleural effusion were 15 male cases (15.3%) and in 9 female cases (32.1%) while normal radiology was in 2 cases of males (2%) and 3 cases of female cases (10.7%).
Regarding Treatment of TB, 67 male cases (68.4%) and 25 female cases (89.3%) treated by Cat 1, while 27 male cases (27.6%) and 3 female cases (10.7% ) treated by Cat 2. Hepatotoxic regimens were used with 4 cases of males (4.1%).
The study also revealed that male patients were more compliant to anti tuberculous treatment (93.9%) while the compliance was (71.4%) among female cases.
The incidence of complications was observed in some cases of both sexes, it was found in 4.1% of male cases in the form of cutaneous complications (2%), Gastritis(1%) and neuropathy(1%). In female cases (10.7%) of cases had gastritis and (10.7%) had cutaneous complications. Elevated liver enzymes was in female cases (3.6%).
Regarding outcome of treatment, as for the results of the treatment, the cure rate was 70.4% among the male cases and 60.7% among the female cases, while 4 cases of males (4.1%) and 8 female cases (28.6%) were defaulter. 4 male cases ( 4.1%), one female cases (3.6%) died while 21 male ( 21.4%) cases and 2 female cases (7.2%) were still on treatment at end of study.