الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study included two experiments to investigate effect of different sources of copper (sulfate, acetate and nano) in ovo injection at two different embryogenesis periods (10 and 18 days) on hatching traits and productive, physiological and immunological performance of post-hatched broiler chicks. A total number of 1056 fertile eggs were used (with average weight of 66.13±0.14 gm.) in two experimental injection at 10 and 18 days of incubation, 528 fertile eggs of each in 8 groups, each group containing number 66 fertile eggs in three replicate. The experimental design in each experiment was as follow the group 1 as negative control, while group 2 injected with 0.1 ml deionized water (positive controls), the groups 3, 4 and 5 injected with 0.1 ml deionized water containing 8μg/egg of Cu sulfate, Cu acetate and nano Cu, respectively and the groups 6, 7 and 8 injected with 0.1 ml deionized water containing 16μg/egg of Cu sulfate, Cu acetate and nano Cu, respectively. Further stage of the study included of 640 unsexed one-day broiler chicks around the main of each group, 40 birds in each group, in four replicates. And the results as follows
Experiment 1: Different sources of Cu in ovo injection at 10 days of incubation by two levels (8 and 16 μg/egg ) did not affect hatching traits except elevation chick weight and chick weight %., caused improving in histological parameters of small intestine parts of newly hatched chicks , did not affect body weight free yolk sac, yolk sac%, organs weight% of of newly hatched chicks, ,increasing body weight and body weight gain except groups of Cu acetate, in significant improvement in feed conversion ratio, did not affect carcass characteristic and relative weight of organs at 35 days of age, did not affect hematological parameters at one day of age, improved hematopoiesis especial Cu acetate and nano Cu. did not affect plasma constituents except decreasing enzyme of AST at one day of age, increasing cholesterol level at 35 days of age. did not affect bursa of fabricus % of newly hatched chicks or relative weights of immune organs ( bursa, spleen and thymus) and immune response against