الفهرس 
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTINOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Carbon footprint (CF) is a term used to describe the total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for different activities. Significant amount of CF emissions are generated during the road life cycle. The emissions occur during the raw materials extraction process, the transportation process and the operation process. In general the construction of flexible asphalt pavement causes emissions and pollution to surrounding environment.
Although many researchers worldwide have studied the carbon emissions of asphalt pavement construction, it seems that no research has been done in Egypt. Therefore, the overall aim of this work is to develop a model that analyze and estimate the carbon emissions of asphalt pavement construction, based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a methodical tool for carbon estimation in Egypt.
To achieve this goal, collected field data during asphalt pavement construction of Bahariya Oasis – El Frafra Oasis highway has been analyzed through the developed LCA model. The results were compared with a model prepared by UK Highway Agency. The results show that the GHG emissions from the transportation process during construction stage are the highest, and account for about 38% of the total amount.
The results indicate that reducing the transportation distance will help to decrease the GHG emissions. The developed flexible pavement LCA model can help to increase the environmental performance of highways construction and guide the decision makers towards road sustainability management. The study results provide valuable insights in selecting sustainable pavement construction strategies from an environmental view point.