الفهرس 
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Abstract
Part 1: Determination of heavy metal residues in fish samples:
Two hundred and forty fish samples including tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and mullet (Mugil cephalus) (120 each) were collected randomly and equally from fish markets in six major cities in Egypt. These cities were Aswan, Damietta, Ismailia, Kafr El-Shiek, Sohag and Zagazig (n=20 each fish species/ locality). Furthermore, another 30 tilapia samples were purchased from the same source in Zagazig city and used for reduction trials of the metal load by the commonly used fish-cooking methods in Egypt (pan-frying and grilling) either alone or combined with a pre-treatment with ascorbic acid 2%. Samples were cooled and transported under refrigeration to laboratory of Meat Hygiene, Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt for metal measurements.
Elemental levels in the muscle of mullet and tilapia
Lead
Lead was detected in all samples. Fish samples collected from Damietta had the highest residual concentrations of Pb, while fish collected from Sohag was the lowest. Pb residual concentrations (mg/kg ww) recorded in mullet were 0.19±0.04 in Sohag and 0.94±0.04 in Damietta; while in tilapia Pb residual.