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Abstract The present (in vitro study) aimed to evaluate calcium hydroxide intracanal medication remnants after removal by two methods of Irrigation: conventional irrigation and Navitip FX brush and the effect of the remnants on the adaptability of two root canal sealers : AH plus and MTA Fillapex in extracted human teeth. In the present study seventy sound human freshly extracted single rooted teeth were collected. The crowns of all teeth were resected and total length of each root was standardized to be 16mm from the root apex. The root canals were instrumented using crown-down technique and to an apical iso size of 50. The samples were randomly classified after cleaning and shaping into two main groups according to intercanal condition (technique of calcium hydroxide removal)(n=25) ,and other control group without calcium hydroxide(n=20) and two subgroups for each according to type of sealer used(n=10). group A(n=50):Root canals were filled with injectable calcium hydroxide, group B (n=20): Root canals were sealed empty without calcium hydroxide intracanal medication (control group). Samples of group A were subdivided according to the technique utilized for intracanal medication removal into two subgroups ;subgroupA1(n=20)(calcium hydroxide removed with conventional irrigation),subgroupA2(n=20)(calcium hydroxide removed with Navitip FX brushes)and the two subgroups A1,A2 were subdivided according to the type of root canal sealer used for obturation into two subgroups;subgroupA1α,A2α(n=10)AH PLUS sealer used for root canal obturation,subgroupA1β,A2β(n=10) MTA Fillapex sealer used for root canal obturation. Summary 07 group B was subdivided according to type of sealer into two subgroups: subgroup Bα (n=10) and AH plus sealer was used for canal obturation, and subgroup Bβ (n=10) where MTA Fillapex was used for canal obturation. After removal of calcium hydroxide five teeth were randomly selected from both subgroups A1 and A2. Root samples were cut longitudinally. And calcium hydroxide remnants evaluation was done by EDAX (energy dispersive X-ray micro-analyzer) at apical, middle, and cervical thirds of each root half (n=10). After 7 days from root canal obturation, the samples were checked under SEM at a ×100 magnification SEM images of each sample analyzed using image tool 3.00 used for measuring gaps area, width, and length to evaluate sealing ability of tested root canal sealers. Results regarding amount of calcium hydroxide remnants after removal by the two techniques showed that conventional irrigation removed calcium hydroxide slightly higher than Navitip FX brushes but there was no statistical difference between the two techniques. Results regarding the adaptability showed that AH plus is better than MTA Fillapex in the control group (without Ca(OH) 2, however AH Plus showed slightly better sealing ability than MTA Fillapex in the presence of Ca(OH)2 remnants without statistical difference between the two sealers. Conclusion and recomm |