الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study sought to investigate the effects of Probiotic, Lactococcus
lactis bacteria (LC.) on growth performance, nutrients digestibilities, diarrhea
incidence and immune status of buffalo calves. Thirteen suckling buffalo calves
were divided into two groups according to their body weight, age and sex (T1-
Control (No LC. supplementation, T2- 4 g LC. Per calf in breast milk). The
Calves were fed 10% of their body weight fresh milk 2 times daily and provided
calf starter and clover hay to meet their requirements of DM according to Kearl
(1982). Calves body weight was recorded at the start of the experiment and
thereafter regularly at 10 days interval. Diarrhea occurrence also faecal scores
have been detected. After completion of the feeding trial, three animals per
treatment were used in a metabolism trial. We obtained blood samples at the
end of the study from each calf through jugular vein puncture. Obtained results
showed significant (P< 0.5) increase in roughage, concentrate and total DM
intakes with calves fed LC-supplemented than the control (T1) group during the
periods of P3, P4 and P5.Supplementation of LC. L to calves in T2 group had
showed an increase in body weight than T1- group; the increase in total gain
and average daily gain (ADG) was significant (P<0.05), CP, CF, EE and NFE
digestion coefficients keep on the same trend. Diarrhea occurred on T1 calves
were more than T2 calves, and the duration of diarrhea at the same time was
longer in control calves than treated calves. The number of E.coli in feces was
more in control calves than treated calves. Immunological parameters (IgA, IgG
and interleukin 2) have been increased in treated calves than control with no
significant difference (P>0.05)