الفهرس 
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Abstract
Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is the most common central nervous system complication of a preterm birth. The etiology of IVH remains undefined, however, it may include multiple factors affecting blood flow and perfusion pressure in the periventricular area. Immature blood vessels in this highly vascular area together with poor tissue vascular support predispose premature infants to intraventricular haemorrhage.
Several risk factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of intraventricular haemorrhage, including: postnatal resuscitation and intubation, recurrent endotracheal suctioning, low birth weight, low gestational age, early onset sepsis, metabolic acidosis, development of hyaline membrane disease (HMD), mode of delivery, pneumothorax, transfer from another hospital, and premature rupture of membranes.
The purpose of the current study was to assess the prevalence of IVH risk factors in pre-term neonates in El-Nasr general hospital in Port-Said Governorate.
We conducted a case control study on 100 pre-term neonates admitted to NICU of EL-Nasr general hospital from February 2016 until May 2017. Fifty of them were diagnosed with IVH, and the other fifty were IVH-free controls. All preterm neonates were subjected to a full medical history, ABG measurement, and cranial ultrasound. Additionally, we ordered chest x ray for neonates with a clinical suspicion of pneumothorax, and CBC, CRP, and blood culture for those with a suspicion of sepsis.
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Summary & Conclusion
We divided the studied risk factors into: maternal factors, delivery factors, and postnatal factors. Regarding the maternal factors that may contribute to the development of IVH, our findings showed that maternal age, history of maternal hypertension the presence of placenta previa, history of antenatal steroids administration, use of fertility treatment or tocolytics, and history of PROM, were not associated with an increased risk of IVH. As for the delivery factors, we found no difference in terms of multiple pregnancy, mode of delivery, or gender of the neonate. However, we found that birth weight and gestational age were significantly lower among cases when compared to controls. Finally, in terms of postnatal factors, our results showed no significant difference regarding the presence of apnea and/or cyanosis, the need for a mechanical ventilation, receiving pressors to increase blood pressure, the presence pneumothorax, the use of surfactant or sodium bicarbonates. However, IVH cases had significantly higher sepsis incidence, lower PH levels and higher partial CO2 pressure when compared to controls.