الفهرس 
Classification of Diabetes (American Diabetes Association. 2014):
Sub-acute presentation:Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a general term for heterogeneous disturbances of metabolism for which the main finding is chronic hyperglycaemia. The causeis either impaired insulin secretion or impaired insulin action or both or due to loss of insulin sensitivity in target oragans in the presence of normal insulin secretion (type2) The risk of late complications of diabetes increases with cumulative exposure to elevated blood glucose levels, and treatment that returns circulating glucose to near-normal levels protects against these long-term complications. Complications of relatively rapid onset include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes. Furthermore, complications may arise from low blood sugar caused by excessive dosing of insulin. Making correct diabetes diagnosis is pivotal for appropriate disease management. Currently, a set of criteria including age of onset of diabetes (<30 years), BMI<25kg/m2 and absence of islet-cell and GAD autoantibodies are applied in order to identify potential Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) patients. This has to be followed by genetic testing before final diagnosis is made. C-Peptide measurement in the blood of diabetic patient is used for the diagnosis of patient with Type-1 diabetes. Postmeal urine C-peptide creatinine ratio has been shown to have similar sensitivity and specificityto glucagon-stimulated serum C-peptide in classifying diabetes by insulin requirement.. This study (Case –Control Study) was carried out on 50 previously diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus of children and adolescents: These children and adolescents attend for medical check up at the Enocrinology unit of Pediatric Department at Tanta University Hospital. Thirty healthy children and adolescents of matched age and sex enrolled as controls. For all patients and controls the following will be done : Full history taking with special emphasis on: Age, sex, order of birth duration of disease ,family history of diabetes mellitus. Clinical examination with special emphasis on: Anthropometric measures,Tanner staging ,chest ,heart ,abdominal and neurological examination …etc. Anthropometric measures: Weight, Length/height, Body mass index (BMI), Triceps skin fold thickness, Waist circumference, Waist/ hip ratio. Waist / Height ratio, all measures were plotted on growth charts, and Zscores calculations were done. Investigations included, BUN, creatinine. SGOT, SGPT, Fasting serum c peptide 2h post prandial c peptide creatinine ratio ,Glycosylated HBA1C, The result of our study revealed the following: There is positive family history on 36% of patient but 64% show negative family history. 4 out of 50 cases show acanthosis nigricans represent 8% and 92% of cases don’t have acanthosis nigricans 42 out of 50 cases (84%) show positive anti GAD antibodies. There is significant difference between patient and control as regard fasting and post prandial c peptide. There is significant difference between patient and control as regard urinary c peptide /creatinine ratio. There is positive correlation between urinary c peptide /creatinine ratio and age, weight ,height ,BMI, HbA1C in diabetic patients.