الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Fractures of the calcaneum constitute approximately 60% of all tarsal injuries and are usually the result of a fall from a height. The economic importance of the injury is considerable, as 80% to 90% occur in men in their prime working years. As a result, they may be disabled for several years after the injury and many are unable to return to their original occupation. The treatment of these injuries remains controversial. (66)
Surgical management with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was fraught with a high incidence of wound-healing complications, ranging from 5.8% to 35.3%. Minimally invasive fracture reduction under image-intensifier guidance, followed by percutaneous fixation (MIRPF), appears to overcome the wound-healing problems (4)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiological and functional outcome of treating 18 patients with displaced intra articular calcaneal fracture with closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation.
Patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically before surgical interference. Routine preoperative x-ray and investigations were performed. CT scan was done for all patients for classification and operative planning.
In this study, eighteen patients with intra-articular calcaneal fracture Sander’s type II were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation,10 patients had Sander’s type IIa and 8 patients had Sander’s type IIb fracture. The average age of the patients was 37.89 ± 7.14, 88.89% of them were males and 11.11% were females, 61.11 % of the patients were smokers and 38.89% non-smokers, mechanism of trauma was fall from height in 88.89% of the patients. The fracture was right sided in 69.67% and left sided in 33.33% of the patients. Patients were followed up for a mean time of (6.17±0.38) months with mean time of return to full activity of (4.8±0.55) months.
At the end of the study patients were evaluated clinically regarding pain, rang of motion, rate of complications, functional end results according to AOFAS and radiologically regarding reduction, special calcaneal angles and calcaneal parameters.
According to the AOFAS, functional outcome was graded as excellent in 11 patients (61%), good in 7 patients (39%), none of the patients had fair or poor results. Excellent and good results were graded as satisfactory results while fair and poor results were graded as unsatisfactory. Thus, all patients were found to have a satisfactory result.
The mean time to complete union was 11.35 months and the mean time to return to full activity was 4.8 months.
Two patients complained of symptomatic hardware due to prominent screws directed from posterior to anterior. None of the patients complained from deep surgical site infection or skin complications. None of the patients developed sural neuritis.
In this study, improvement of calcaneal angles (the Bohler and Gissane angles) and the operation time were found to have a significant correlation with the functional end results.
Although there was improvement of the calcaneal parameters, but there was no significant correlation with the functional end results.