الفهرس 
Chapter I. IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Title of thesis: Potentiometric determination of some drugs using modified ion selective electrodes
The present thesis comprises of three main chapters in addition to Arabic and English summaries. The data are collected in (11Tables) and represented in (37 Figures), as well as (246 References). The First Chapter: Introduction This chapter include literature survey on bisoprolol fumarate and different methods used for its determination. It also includes introduction concerning the molecularly imprinted polymer and methods of preparation. And also includes introduction concerning theoretical bases for preparation and uses of the different types of ion selective electrodes with focusing on carbon paste as a regard of methods of preparation, general properties. The Second Chapter: Experimental This part includes the experimental part, the materials, solutions, instruments used and working procedure. It contains full details about experimental conditions for potentiometric determination of bisoprolol fumarate in pure form, pharmaceutical form and spiked biological fluid samples. Also, of molecularly imprinted polymer and carbon paste electrodes. The characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer and surface electrodes are also mentioned.
The Third Chapter: Results and Discussion This chapter included the following parts: Part (A): CPE modified with beta- cyclodexterin: The different weight percent of the beta-cyclodextrin (0.56 - 6.6%) with different plasticizer were studied. It was found that the most suitable content was 1.4 % BCD with o-NPOE as liquid binder which have the best divalent Nernstian slope values of 28.2±0.05 mV decade-1 over concentration range of 1.0 x 10−5 – 1.0 x 10– 2 mol L-1 of BF (electrode I). Another mode of preparation was used by embedding different amounts of graphene to graphite powder keeping the total weight percent constant (69.6%). The electrode II embedded with 69.6% graphene and plasticized with o-NPOE show the best performance not only increase the working concentration range from 1.0 x 10-5– 1.0 x 10-2 mol L-1 to be 1.0 x 10-6– 1.0 x 10-2 mol L-1 but also gives better Nernestian slope (29.2±0.34 mVdecade-1) than electrode I which may be attributed to the higher surface area of graphene. Electrode III which embedded with 69.6% graphene and plasticized with TCP shows divalent Nernestian slope 29.4±0.33 mV decade-1over concentration range 1.0 x 10-5 to 1 x 10-2 mol L-1. Part (B): CPE modified with MIP
This part includes the synthesis of MIP and NIP. Then The prepared MIP and NIP polymers were characterized by using Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi, S-4800), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized MIPs and NIPs were incorporated into the graphite and were tested as sensing materials in the proposed potentiometric sensor. Numbers of electrodes were prepared with different MIP or NIP contents and plasticizer and the electrode (IV) containing 2.75 % of MIP was the best electrode, which gives divalent Nernestain slop 29.5±0.55 mV decade-1 over concentration range 1.0 x 10-7 to 1 x 10-2 mol L-1 . Part (C): Electroanalytical performance: from the calibration plot it was found that the proposed CPEs can be successfully applied for the potentiometric determination of the BF with linear response in the concentration range of 1.0×10-5 – 1.0×10-2 mol L-1 for electrodes I, III, 1.0×10-6 – 1.0×10-2 mol L-1 for electrode II and 1.0×10-7 – 1.0×10-2 mol L-1 for electrode IV . The prepared electrodes showed response independent on pH in the range of 3.05-7.17 for electrode I and 3.50-7.15 for electrodes II, III and IV with fast response time of 9s, 4s, 5s and 3s for electrodes I, II, III and IV, respectively. The potentiometric selectivity was also studied and the sensors showed no significant interference. This reflected very high selectivity of the sensors towards BF. Part (D): Analytical applications Determination of BF drug in pure, pharmaceutical form and biological fluids was performed by using the standard addition and calibration methods. The obtained results were in a good agreement with those obtained using the reported method. The results obtained were satisfactory with excellent percentage recovery comparable and sometimes better than those obtained by other routine method for the assay.