الفهرس 
Acknowledgment
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Abstract
Pin-tract infection (PTI) is the most common complication of fractures treated by external fixation. It varies from minor inflammation remedied by local wound care, to superficial infection requiring antibiotics, local wound care, and occasional pin removal, to osteomyelitis requiring sequestrectomy (Kortor et al., 2011). The aim of this study was; to evaluate the effect of nursing management on reducing pin site infection among patients with external fixators. Pre-experimental, one shot case study design was utilized to conduct this study. This study was carried out in traumatology department and outpatient clinics of traumatology at Assiut University Hospital. This study was included 80 patients (both sex) attended to the trauma department that their ages ranged from 18 to 65 years old, had open or closed fracture in lower and/or upper limbs who were indicated for external fixation application. All studied patients received the nursing management in the form of small sessions, assessment was done during admission as base line data by using tool I (part 1, and part 2) which included (socio-demographic and medical data), and evaluation of pin site infection was carried out once at the time of removal of external fixator through using tool I Part (3): Patients’ knowledge about pin site infection) and Tool II Checketts and Otterburn’s Grading System. The main findings of the present study were:- Regarding to socio demographic data; about half of the studied patients (48.8%) their age ranged from eighteen to below thirty with mean ±SD 33.83±14.59 years. Regarding gender, it was found that the majority (87.5%) of studied patients were male, and more than half (60.0%) of them were married.-Regarding the level of education, less than half (45.0%) of studied patients had secondary education. Regarding the occupation, it was found the majority (77.5%) of studied patients their work was manual work. - Regarding to medical data; the highest percentage of patients had open grade II fracture mixed tibia and fibula, femur and tibia, tibia, femur, and ankle with (26.3%, 12.5%, 11.3%,13.8%, respectivel - Also in addition to fracture there were 33 (41.3%) of studied patients had associated injuries. - Regarding to data pertaining to external fixator; the majority (71.3%) of studied patients applied unilateral frame in their lower limb (98.8%) and the number of fixator pins; more than half (63.8%) of studied patients had four fixator pins and more than one third of the studied patients (35%) applied the fixator for period from 10<30 days. - Regarding to Pin site tract infection according to grading system; only four (5.0%) of studied patients developed grade I pin site infection.