الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary Metacarpal and phalangeal fractures constitute 10 % of all body fractures and 1/3 of all hand injuries, and cause important losses in hand functions in the absence of a satisfactory treatment.
Closed reduction and internal fixation has been widely used to treat the majority of unstable closed simple hand fractures and has been a mainstay of treatment for most phalangeal fractures since the percutaneous pins and Kirschner wire (K-wire) were introduced as method of CRIF however, because of the less rigid fixation with little stability of the K-wire, it is limited in the treatment of unstable fractures, while mini-plate is considered as a potential option for unstable fractures of the hand with good stability allowing early mobilization of joints and avoiding problems associated with protruding K-wire.
Intramedullary fixation has been a classical procedure for treating metacarpal and phalangeal fractures; various techniques and types of instrumentation have been proposed to improve postoperative functional recovery and ROM. These include various forms of Kirschner-wire (K-wire) pinning (antegrade intramedullary K-wire, retrograde intramedullary K-wire, transverse pinning with K-wire, retrograde cross pinning with K-wire) extramedullary fixation with plates and screws and external fixation.
Anterograde intramedullary (AIM) fixation, the conventional treatment for metacarpal and phalangeal fractures, has been reported to have many advantages, including minimal soft tissue dissection, smaller skin incision and potentially less tendon irritation. However, these advantages may be outweighed by inferior stability and a greater incidence of complications.
Fixation using the low profile plate and screw system for metacarpal and phalangeal fractures is efficient and reliable compared to K-wire fixation. Although the time to union in the latter group was shorter, it was thought that LPP fixation was one of the selective methods in regard to return to normal daily life.