الفهرس 
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Abstract
Dental hard in a constant basis, furthermore, the pervasive nature of tissues are susceptible to caries invasion caries can destroy enamel and dentin leading to dental pulp inflammation, infection, and high probability of tooth loss. Hence, Dentin regeneration is paramount to prevent caries progression towards pulp tissues, thus maintaining tooth vitality and integrity.
Replacement therapies rely mainly on synthetic materials to fill defects and replace whole tissues and organs, which lack the ability to restore tissues’ physiological architecture and function. On the other hand, regenerative therapies can be used to restore both architecture and function of diseased tissues, hence presents a more desirable alternative.
This study focused on the assessment of the effects of the MTA and nHA as superior biomaterials on the odontogenic differentiation potential of stem cells derived from human dental pulp of impacted third molars indicated for extraction.
Aim of the study
The aim of this study is to assess the odontogenic property of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) using MTA and nHA. This will be achieved by qRT-PCR and Alizarin red staining.
Material and Methods
DPSCs were isolated from pulps of extracted impacted third molars from patients aged 16-26 years. After reaching confluency, isolated DPSCs were passaged up to the third passage, then DPSCs were divided into three groups according to the media used and were examined for differentiation.
1- Control group:
• +ve control group: This group was supplied with odontogenic medium.
• -ve control group: This group was supplied with plain pulp media.
2- MTA group:
• MTA/odontogenic medium group: This group was supplied with MTA and odontogenic medium.
• MTA/DMEM group: This group was supplied with MTA in addition to (DMEM).
3- nHA group:
• nHA /Odontogenic medium: This group was supplied with nHA and odontogenic medium.
• nHA /DMEM: This group was supplied with nHA in addition to DMEM.
Assessment of odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs was done by:
• qRT-PCR: assessment of expression of the odontogenic genes (ALP, OPN, RUNX2, OCN and COL1).
• Alizarin red staining: assessment of colorimetric changes attributed to mineralized nodules formation.
Results
MTA/odontogenic medium and nHA/odontogenic medium groups showed upregulation of odontogenic genes by qRT-PCR analysis and also showed colorimetric changes by Alizarin red staining assay denoting odontogenic differentiation of the DPSCs. On the other hand, MTA/DMEM and nHA/DMEM groups did not show upregulation of the odontogenic genes and also did not show colorimetric changes.