الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objective of the thesis 1.Exploring the role of literature in directing attention towards environmental preservation.2.Explaining the role of literary writers in solving environmental problems by shedding the light on these problems in their works and providing their readers with possible solutions. Aim of the study Tackling the characteristic features of ecocriticism and its development into phases. In addition, the study applies those features on a number of literary works.Chapterization This thesis is divided into four chapters as follows: Chapter One: it explores the characteristic features of rcocriticism and its development into waves. Chapter Two: it discusses Annie Dillard’s Pilgrim at Tinker Creek from a first-wave ecocritical standpoint. Chapter Three: it analyses Ruth Ozeki’s All Over Creation from a second-wave environmental perspective, focusing on the invasion of genetic modification of farmers’lives and how Ozeki relates this to issues of gender, race, and society.Chapter Four: it focuses on the analysis of Kim Stanley Robinson’s Science in the Capital trilogy from a second-wave ecocritical perspective, shedding light on genre theory and how Robinson uses it to deliver a warning to his reader of the dangerous ramifications of climate change. results 1-Ecocriticism aims, first and foremost, of regaining man’s relation to his environment.2- The importance of the interdisciplinary collaboration among ecocriticism and other fields of knowledge, as a means to overcome nature/culture dualism and explore its reasons. Related titles : The definition of ecocriticism 2-The reasons of literature’s negligence of the environment in the twentieth century.3- The definition of environmental justice 4- The definition of ecofeminism. Chapter Two: it discusses Annie Dillard’s Pilgrim at Tinker Creek from a first-wave ecocritical standpoint. Chapter Three: it analyses Ruth Ozeki’s All Over Creation from a second-wave environmental perspective, focusing on the invasion of genetic modification of farmers’ lives and how Ozeki relates this to issues of gender, race, and society. Chapter Four: it focuses on the analysis of Kim Stanley Robinson’s Science in the Capital trilogy from a second-wave ecocritical perspective, shedding light on genre theory and how Robinson uses it to deliver a warning to his reader of the dangerous ramifications of climate change. results 1-Ecocriticism aims, first and foremost, of regaining man’s relation to his environment. 2-The importance of the interdisciplinary collaboration among ecocriticism and other fields of knowledge, as a means to overcome nature/culture dualism and explore its reasons.