الفهرس 
Cardiomyopathy
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary and Conclusion
Pediatric primary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious and often a life threatening condition. In children, cardiomyopathy is a part of multisystem disorder, which requires the attention of multiple subspecialists.
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of heart failure, which is usually associated with increased left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic, end-systolic volumes (EDV, ESV) and reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF). LV volumes and LVEF provide fundamental measures of function and are strong prognostic indicators for patients with DCM.
The best noninvasive modality for assessment of cardiac function is echocardiogram. Assessment of cardiac size and function is an integral part of the evaluation of the cardiac status. Therefore, an objective assessment of cardiac function is recommended. M mode, 2D imaging, and conventional Doppler methods can be used to assess ventricular function. Newer modalities such as Doppler tissue and speckling tracking imaging are promising new techniques that are currently under investigation.
The LV myocardial layer consists of a characteristic myocardial fiber orientation in which the longitudinal fibers in the subendocardial layer gradually change to a circumferential direction in the mid wall layer and revert to longitudinal in the subepicardial layer. The advanced two-dimensional (2D) STE recently can be used to evaluate myocardial deformation within each of three myocardial layers, an endocardial, mid-myocardial and epicardial layer.