الفهرس 
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Abstract
Essential thrombocythemia is characterized by an isolated thrombocytosis and overlaps clinically with polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis (PMF).These conditions share a tendency to undergo phenotypic shift, such that patients with essential thrombocythemia may develop polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis or acute leukemia (Philip A, 2011).
Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloid disorder that is characterized by an increase in the peripheral blood platelet count that is associated with bone marrow megakaryocyte hyperplasia, without associated erythrocytosis or leukoerythroblastosis (R. Levine et al., 2007).
Progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurs in a small minority of patients, with retrospective studies suggesting an incidence of 1%-2.5% in the first decade after diagnosis, 5%-8% in the second decade, and continuing to increase thereafter (F. Passamonti et al., 2008).
An inherited predisposition to ET and other MPNs was initially recognized in families containing multiple affected members. Such individuals often harbor acquired mutations in JAK2 and appear clinically indistinguishable from those with sporadic disease (C. Bellanne-Chantelot et al., 2006).
Diagnosis of PV and ET is currently according to the 2016 WHO criteria and based on a composite assessment of clinical and laboratory features (D. Arber et al., 2016).
Current drug therapy for myeloproliferative neoplasms, including essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera is neither curative nor has it been shown to prolong survival. Fortunately, prognosis in ET and PV