الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dental implants portray a highly successful treatment approach. However, implants in the maxillary posterior region were associated with compromised bone quantity and quality. Moreover, the posterior teeth are subjected to higher occlusal forces than the anterior teeth. In order to overcome these shortcomings, an array of augmentation techniques have been traditionally employed to increase the residual ridge dimension including open and closed sinus lift. Such procedures have been reported to have several drawbacks including increased patient morbidity, costs and complications. A valid alternative for such cases, is the use of short implants.