الفهرس 
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Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common form of hematological malignancy.
There are dozens of subtypes of lymphomas. The two main categories of
lymphomas are Hodgkin’s lymphomas (HL) and the non-Hodgkin’s
lymphomas (NHL). About 90% of lymphomas are non-Hodgkin’s
lymphomas.
Increased incidence of non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma and the high
mortality rate make it the fifth most common cancer after breast, lung,
prostate and colon cancers. The incidence is increasing because of the
development of NHL in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS).
NHL has low incidence in Eastern Asian countries, Southern Africa,
tropical Africa. The North Africa has higher rate compared to the other parts
of this continent. Reports of epidemiologic studies associate a higher risk of
NHL in farmers using herbicides, particularly those with phenoxyacetic acid.
Egypt has one of the highest incidence rates of lymphoma in the world
mainly NHL. In Egypt, NHL is the second most common cancer in adults
and lymphoma is the most common cancer in children situated in the center
of the Nile Delta Region (NDR) of Egypt.
Lymphomagenesis is a complex process. Genetic-based ineffecive
xenobiotic metabolizing and anti-oxidative systems especially with certain
environmental conditions could, in part, explain it.
Xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme, such as PON1 is responsible for
hydrolyzing organophosphate pesticides and nerve gases with anti-oxidative