الفهرس 
Prevention of WRMSPD can be very effectiveOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) represents one of the most common and important occupational health problems in teaching profession. School teachers represent an occupational group who are prone to work related musculoskeletal pain in Egypt. Musculoskeletal pain and the level of pain experienced were severe enough to interfere with activities of daily living of some teachers. It may potentially lead to reduced teachers’ performance due to frequent absence of work. So, the school teachers tend to use different coping strategies to manage their pain. Thus, a better understanding of prevalence of work- related musculoskeletal pain among school teachers and their coping strategies regarding this pain will allow school health nurses and policy makers to apply the available strategies for its prevention, early diagnosis and management in school setting. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess work- related musculoskeletal pain among school teachers and their coping strategies. Subjects and Method: Research design: Descriptive research design was utilized in the current study. Settings: This study was conducted in nine governmental schools at Tanta City affiliated to Ministry of Education (five primary schools, two preparatory schools, and two secondary schools). The schools were selected randomly from total number of 84 governmental schools. Subjects A convenient sample of all teachers who meet the inclusion criteria was selected to be included in the study from the previous mentioned settings. Their number was (640) teachers as the following: 215 primary school teachers, 175 preparatory school teachers and 250 secondary school teachers. Tools of the study: Four tools were used in order to collect the necessary data for this study. Tool І: Socio-demographic and occupational characteristics of the studied teachers: It covered data about: teacher’s age, gender, weight, height, BMI, marital status, number of children, educational level, years of teaching experience, daily working hours, number of classes that he/ she teaches /day, subject which he/she teach, average number of students per class and the average of using teaching materials during the last three months. Tool ІІ: Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) This tool assessed the musculoskeletal disorders among school teachers in the last 6 months, the last 7 days of prior to the current study and its effect on their usual activity. It consisted of 27 questions which covered the nine anatomic regions (neck, shoulders, writs / hands, upper back, low back, elbow, hips/thighs, knees and ankles / feet). Tool ІІІ: The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) It consisted of four questions which used to measure the subjective intensity of pain during the time of data collection and to measure the best level and the worst level of pain among teachers during the last week before data collection. Tool IV: The Coping Strategy Questionnaire Sheet: This tool was used to assess the coping strategy of the teachers toward the experienced pain. It composed of 48 items distributed in eight subscales namely catastrophizing, distractor behaviors, self- instructions, faith and praying, ignoring pain sensations, reinterpreting pain, hoping and cognitive distraction. It indicated how frequently the strategy was used by teachers to cope with their pain. Results The main findings of the current study were: Less than one half of the studied teachers (45.6%) were in the age group of 40 to less than 50 years. More than one half of the studied teachers (53.9%) were females. Less than one-half of them (48.7%) were overweight, while about two -fifths of them (41.6%) were obese. More than two-fifths of the studied teachers (42.5%) their experience years ranged between 20 to less than 30 years. More than one half of the studied teachers (55.3%) taught 3 to 5 sessions/ day. The majority of the studied teachers (85.30%) reported musculoskeletal pain. More than one half of the studied teachers (53.8%) were suffering from lower back pain and more than one third of them (36.4%, 36.1% and 35.9%) were suffering from pain in neck, shoulders and knee during the last 6 months respectively. More than one - third of the studied teachers (40.4%, 35.9% and 35%) who had MSP in knee, ankle and hip this pain had the effect on their usual activity during the last six months respectively. Most of teachers who have MSP during the last six months still complain of pain during the last week in all the anatomical sites (lower back pain, neck, shoulder, knee, upper back pain, hip, wrist, elbow and ankle). Less than one-half of the studied teachers (47.4%) had experienced mild pain, while about one-third of them (31.4%) had experienced moderate pain. More than one- half of the studied teachers (58.8%) had moderate level of coping with pain, while about one- quarter of them (25.8%) had poor level of coping with pain. Significant statistical differences were observed between the studied male and female teachers regarding all coping strategies except for ignoring pain and hoping. There were significant positive correlations between Nordic MSP and years of experience and number of children of the studied teachers (p = 0.001 and r= 0.239 and 0.371) respectively. There was negative significant correlation between Nordic MSP and number of teaching sessions per day (p = 0.001and r= 0.269). There was positive significant correlation between pain intensity and years of experience of the studied teachers (p= 0.001 and r= 0.283). Negative significant correlations was found between pain intensity and number of teaching sessions per day and number of class rooms per day (p = 0.001 and r = 0.311and 0.198) respectively. There was positive significant correlations between Nordic MSP and subscales of coping strategies related to (catastrophizing, hoping, faith and praying and cognitive distraction) where (p= 0.001, 0.003, 0.001 and 0.001and r= 0.489, 0.116, 0.379 and 0.229) respectively. There were negative significant correlations between Nordic pain, and coping strategies related to (distractor behaviors, self-instructions, ignoring pain and re-interpreting pain where (p=0.001 and r=0.226, 0.353, 0.340 and 0.297) respectively. Positive significant correlations were found between pain intensity and subscales of coping strategies related to (catastrophizing, faith and praying and cognitive distraction), where (p = 0.001 and r= 0.710, 0.434 and 0.150) respectively. Negative significant correlations were found between pain intensity and subscales of coping strategies related to (distractor behaviors, selfinstructions, ignoring pain and re-interpreting pain) where p = 0.001 and r= 0.372, 0.525, 0.480 and0.500) respectively. Significant positive correlations were found between pain intensity and BMI and age of the studied teachers where (p= 0.001and r= 0.321 and 0.344) respectively. There were significant negative correlations between the total level of coping and BMI, age in years, total level of Nordic MSP and pain intensity where (p= 0.001 r= 0.317, 0.322, 0.224 and 0.436) respectively.