الفهرس 
Insect Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors as Targets of NeonicotinoidsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The main objectives of this work aimed to investigate the acute
and short-term toxicity of two neonicotinoids pesticides, acetamiprid
and thiamethoxam, that are widely used in Egypt and South Africa in
agriculture, veterinary, and household pest control in albino Swiss
mice. These data are needed as most of the farmers is exposed to low
doses of pesticides through residues in food products and beverages.
Hence, the study was undertaken to investigate the sub-acute toxicity
of orally administered pesticide for 28 days. Swiss albino mice males
were used for the acute and sub-acute (sub-chronic) tests.
Neonicotinoids are a new generation of widely-used
insecticides. For their outstanding potency and systemic action, they
are used for crop protection against pest insects in agriculture and
domestic insect control. The neonicotinoids act as agonists to the
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous
system of insects with greater affinity than to mammals. However,
their residues are present in soil, dust or water and might still become
a health problem for animals and humans. Thousands of tons of
neonicotinoids are widely used around the world as broad-spectrum
systemic insecticides and veterinary drugs. In 2014, neonicotinoids
accounted for more than 25% of the global insecticide market. and
about 20,000 tons of the active substance imidacloprid was produced
in 2010). Therefore, neonicotinoids are now being considered for
replacement of many existing conventional insecticide classes (e