الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out on (30) children with ESRD on regular HD therapy. Their ages ranged from 6 to 18 years. They were (15) males and (15) females.
-Inclusion criteria:
- Patients with ESRD of different causes.
- Duration of HD more than 6 months.
* The cause of ESRD in subjected patients was congenital abnormalities in 4 cases (16.67%), urological abnormalities in 6 cases (25%), glomerular diseases in 9 cases (37.5%) and unkwon causes in 5 cases (20.83%).
After approval of the Local Institutional Ethical Committee of Menoufia University Hospital, the present study was carried out in Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Menoufia University Hospital, during the period from June 2018 to December 2018.
All of them were undergoing HD three times per week, with each dialysis session lasting for three to four hours. Dialysis was started when GFR is equal or less than 15 ml/min./1.73m2. Patients were dialyzed on Fresenius 4008B dialysis machine (Germany), at blood flow rate = 2.5X weight (Kg) + 100m1/min. using polysuphane hollow fiber dialysers suitable for the surface area of the patients (Fresenius F3=0.4m2, F4=0.7m2, F5=1.0m2 and F6-1.2m2). Bicarbonate dialysis solutions were used.
All children were receiving (before and during the study) supportive therapy in the form of subcutaneous erythropoietin in a dose of 50IU/Kg/setting, intravenous iron dextran 100 mg/week, oralfolic acid 1 mg/day, oral calcium 1000 mg/day, oral vitamin D (one alpha) in a dose of 0.01-0.05m/Kg/day and oral antihypertensive medications for hypertensive patients. All investigations were carried out before and after the HD session.
The obtained results could be summarized in the following:
Demographic characteristics of the studied group:
The numbers of patients with CRF were 30 patients, 15 of them were males (50.0%) and l5 were females (50.0%), and the mean age was (12.5±3) years.