الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of pumpkin seed oil against experimentally induced hyperlipidemia through evaluation of hematological, biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemistry alterations in liver tissue.In this study, 50 male adult white albino rats (150-200) gm body weight were divided into five groups:1-Control group: consists of 10 male rats served as a control and fed with normal standard ration.2- Hyperlipidemia group: consists of 10 rats fed on high fat diet containing 20% coconut oil + 1% cholesterol (20gm + 1gm /100 gm diet respectively) daily for 8 weeks.3-Treated group: consists of 10 rats fed on high fat diet for 4 weeks followed by atherogenic diet + 50 mg/kg b.w. pumpkin seed oil daily for 4 weeks. 4-Protected group: consists of 10 rats fed on standard diet + 50 mg/kg b.w. pumpkin seed oil daily for 2 weeks followed by high fat diet +50 mg/kg b.w. pumpkin seed oil daily for 8 weeks.5- Pumpkin group: consists of 10 rats fed with standard diet + 50 mg/kg body weight pumpkin seed oil daily for 8 weeks.The experiment was continued for eight weeks (ten weeks for protected group) during which all groups were observed daily. Collection of samples from five rats from each group was performed at 4 and 8 weeks of high fat diet.Samples included whole blood which collected by retro-orbital method for hematological examination and serum for biochemical examination. Also, tissue specimens were collected for histopathological picture and immunohistochemistry examination. Hematological examination included red blood cells count, hematocrit value, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cells indices [mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)] and total leukocytic count. Biochemical parameters included lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, HDL, phospholipids and total lipids), liver functions (ALT, AST &albumin), renal functions (urea and creatinine) and glucose. Samples from liver were collected for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry examination which performed through Caspase test.The following results were observed Hyperlipidemia group:The obtained results showed that high fat diet (1%cholesterol and 20% coconut oil) lead to anemia through significant decrease of RBCs count, Hb, HCT, MCV and MCH comparing to control group. Significant increase of TLC was observed. Regarding to lipid parameters, our results revealed that high fat diet caused lipid disturbance indicated by significant increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, phospholipids and total lipids and significant decrease of HDL in comparison to control group. Our results revealed that high fat diet caused hepatocellular disturbance indicated by significant increase of ALT and AST with significant decrease of albumin. Hyperglycemia induced by high fat diet which indicated by significant increase of glucose. Results of kidney functions (urea and creatinine) showed that high fat diet caused alteration of renal tissue which indicated by significant increase of both urea and creatinine.Effect of high fat diet on liver tissue supported by histopathological changes that revealed sever dilatation and congestion in the central vein associated with diffuse inflammatory cell infiltration in between the hepatocytes which showed apoptosis, inflammatory cells infiltration in the periductal tissue and the portal area, karyomegaly in the nuclei of some degenerative hepatocytes and fatty changes, signet ring and intracytoplasmic different shapes of fat in most of hepatocytes.Regarding to immunohistochemistry results, high fat diet caused immunopathological reactivity which localized intracellular and nuclear in the hepatocytes.
Treated group:Treatment with pumpkin seed oil (50mg/kg b.w.) ameliorated anemia and increased TLC caused by high fat diet. Pumpkin seed oil improved lipid disturbance caused by high fat diet including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, HDL, phospholipids and total lipids. Hepatic damage caused by high fat diet decreased by pumpkin seed oil including ALT, AST and albumin. Also glucose and creatinine showed significant decrease after treatment by pumpkin seed oil at 8 weeks.Concerning to histopathological examination, treatment with pumpkin seed oil improved liver injury caused by high fat diet. It showed congestion in the central vein and portal area, ballooned hepatocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration in the portal area, around the bile duct and in between the hepatocytes.Immunohistochemistry examination showed significant decrease in the immunopathological reactivity comparing to hyperlipidemic group.Protected group:Administration of pumpkin seed oil before high fat diet protected rats from anemia and significantly decreased TLC. The oil protected the rats from lipid disturbance caused by high fat diet including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, HDL, phospholipids and total lipids. Liver protected from damage in which ALT, AST and albumin were included. Glucose and urea showed significant decrease by the usage of pumpkin seed oil before high fat diet.Regarding to histopathological examination, pumpkin seed oil decreased the suspected hepatic damage caused by high fat diet. It showed congestion in the central vein and portal area, few inflammatory cell infiltration and kupffer cells proliferation in between the hepatocytes.Also, pumpkin seed oil significantly decreased the immunopathological reactivity comparing to hyperlipidemic group.Pumpkin group:Comparing to control group, it showed significant increase in TLC. The use of pumpkin seed oil reduced lipid parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, phospholipids and total lipids. Hepatic and renal protections were observed including AST and creatinine.No histopathological alteration or immunopathological reactivity was recorded.Conclusion: It is concluded that pumpkin seed oil is an effective hypolipidemic natural agent, hepatic and renal protective agent against high fat diet. Also, it possesses hypoglycemic effect.