الفهرس 
Amitriptyline over view:
generation and antioxidant systems in the testis:Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Psychiatric drugs, like Antidepressants, are entitled to treat depression by altering chemical imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain. Amitriptyline is one of the first reference tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) with sedative and analgesic properties. Amitriptyline acts as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, thereby increasing the concentration of these transmitters in the synapse. Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) is a medicinal plant traditionally used as stimulant, diuretic and aphrodisiac. It has been suggested that damiana possesses a large amount of essential oils and antioxidants, particularly flavonoids which could be responsible for its medicinal properties. Due to recent discoveries of novel metabolites, there is an increasing interest, particularly of the medical and pharmaceutical industries, in its culture and commercial exploitation. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of psychosexual dysfunction associated with Amitriptyline, and to review treatment options which are specific to the affected component of sexual functioning. So, this study aims to investigate the testicular indices that influenced by Amitriptyline treatment and examined it biochemically, histologically and immunohistochemical. In addition, current study aims to elucidate the ameliorating role of damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) as adjuvant therapy in enhancing testicular indices, hormonal status, and antioxidant system in adult male rats. ➢ Experimental animals: The experiment was performed on sixty male albino rats (Rattus norvigicus) weighing 150 g (±10) and of 9-10 weeks’ age. They were obtained from animal house of National Research Center (Dokki, Giza, Egypt). ➢ Preparation of water extract of damiana: Water extract of damiana leaves were prepared by shaking the dried powders with boiled water for 24hrs at room temperature to obtain aqueous extract. Then the extract was stored at -30˚C in the dark until used. ➢ Experimental groups: The rats were randomly and equally divided into six groups (10 rats each). ▪ group 1 (G1): control group that included animals that did not receive any treatment during the experimental period. ▪ group 2 (G2): Damiana group that included animals that orally (stomach tube) received Damiana (80 mg/kg body weight/daily) for four weeks. ▪ group 3 (G3): Amitriptyline (Tryptizol; El Kahira Pharm And Chem Ind Co) group in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with Amitriptyline (70 mg/kg body weight/daily) (Amitriptyline tablets were crushed and dissolved in distilled water) for four weeks. ▪ group 4 (G4): Co-treated group in which experimental animals were injected intraperitoneally with Amitriptyline (70 mg/kg body weight/daily) for four weeks plus receiving orally Damiana (80 mg/kg body weight/daily) for four weeks. ▪ group 5 (G5): Post-treated group in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with Amitriptyline (70 mg/kg body weight/daily) for four weeks and followed by treatment with Damiana (80 mg/kg body weight/daily) for successive four weeks. ▪ group 6 (G6): Self-treated group in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with Amitriptyline (70 mg/kg body weight/daily) for four weeks and left for self-healing without any drugs for another successive four weeks. At the end of the experimental period, rats were fasted overnight. Rats from each group were euthanized by diethyl ether for complete dissection.